Edigu
The Emir Edigü ( Idiqu, † 1419 ) was from 1395 to 1418 the leading figure of the Golden Horde, though he almost always ruled in the name of Khan. He was the head of the house Mangit or Mankit.
Life
Edigü ran early on to Timur and discussed this in his first campaign against Toktamisch which at June 18, 1391 with Timur's victory at Samara ( Kuibyshev ) ended on the Volga. Timur Timur Khan put the Qutlugh, a grandson of Urus Khan (d. 1376 ) a, where he was handed out Edigü as emir. Both, however, were only after Timur's second campaign ( April 14th, 1395 victory on the Terek, looting of Sarai, Astrakhan, Bolgar and Crimea ) claim in the Horde.
In the Battle of the Vorskla Timur Qutlugh and Edigü won in 1399 in a fierce battle over the Lithuanian Grand Duke Witold, the Toktamisch wanted to use as Khan again. Toktamischs Tatars fled from the battlefield and tore with the Lithuanians, Kiev had to buy himself free. But Timur Qutlugh died 1400/ 01 on the wounds and was replaced by his brother Shadi Beg ( 1400/01-1407 ).
The was able to receive the homage of the Russian princes of Tver and Ryazan, but not that of the Muscovite Vasili I. Shadi Beg could also kill Toktamisch in winter 1406/1407 in Tyumen, 1407 but was the victim of domestic unrest that his brother (?) Bolod ( Pulad, 1407-1410 ) brought to power. Then grabbed Edigü Russia, captured Perejaslawl, Nizhny Novgorod and stood at the December 5, 1408 in front of Moscow. From there, he retired with 3,000 rubles ransom because Bolods rule was threatened. More Tatar raids followed in 1410 on Ryazan and Vladimir, then Bolod was by Timur Qutlughs son Timur (1410 /12) displaced.
Prince Timur had the support of Edigüs son Nur ad-Din and Edigü then took a flight to Khorezm the battle against his own son before. Haunted by his son, he was besieged in Khorezm half a year. Here, the tottering situation of the Golden Horde showed. Witold of Lithuania had Toktamischs son Gelal - ed- Din ( who supported him at the Battle of Tannenberg, see also: Islam in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus ) sent to the Horde. Gelal - ed- Din expelled the Khan Timur (1410 /12), accepted the personal homage of Vasily I. and was still eliminated by 1412 Edigü, who had reconciled with his son.
But Witold did not give up. Counter Edigüs Kerim Khan Berdi ( son Toktamischs, 1412-1417 ), he sent his brother Kebek (1414 /15). Also, who was expelled from Edigü, which then occupied Kiev in 1416. Last sent Witold " Jeremferden " into the field, a last son Toktamischs. Jeremferden defeated yet Edigü 1417, who had to flee to the Crimea. Edigü graduated with Witold peace and died shortly thereafter (1419). His last throne candidate was, according Schiltberger been Chekre, who was replaced by Ulugh Mehmed.
After the loss of power of the Emir and the rival sons Toktamischs Ulugh Mehmed (r. 1419-38/45 ) was used as Khan, under which the Horde split definitively into various empires. In retrospect Edigü was the last ruler, which could give the Golden Horde limited internal stability. He went so together with Mamaev and Toktamisch in history and the Tatar folk tradition.