Efim Etkind
Efim Etkind, even Yefim Grigoryevich Etkind transcribed (Russian Ефим Григорьевич Эткинд; born February 26, 1918 in Petrograd, † 22 November 1999 in Potsdam) was a Russian literary critic and translator. In the Soviet Union he was considered a dissident because of his research on literary translation.
Life
Etkind studied in Leningrad Germanic and Romance Studies; was one of his teachers, among others Viktor Schirmunski. During the Second World War Etkind served as a propaganda officer in the Red Army because of his knowledge of German. Already at that time was Etkind of cosmopolitan patriotism of ' accused. From 1952 he taught at the Herzen Pedagogical Institute in Leningrad; his main interest was the theory and history of translation. 1974 He was removed from his professorship and the doctoral degree and the teaching and publishing rights in the Soviet Union denied. Criticized for his contact with Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the manuscript of The Gulag Archipelago, he should have kept his commitment to Joseph Brodsky and the supposedly anti-Soviet orientation of its research him were mainly. In the same year Etkind presented interrogations by the KGB for an exit visa to Israel, and he was expelled from the Soviet Union. Yefim Etkind emigrated to Paris in October 1974, and taught from 1975 Comparative Literature at the University of Paris - Nanterre.
To Etkind personal acquaintances included Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, Christa Wolf, Anna Akhmatova, Heinrich Böll and Ilma Rakusa.
Yefim Etkind was a member of the German PEN Centre, since 1976 member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and in 1980 a corresponding member of the German Academy for Language and Literature since 1973.
Works (selection)
- Efim Etkind: Bloodless execution. Why I had to leave the Soviet Union. Munich 1978.
- Efim Etkind: Russian poetry of the October Revolution to the present. Attempt at representation. Munich 1984.
- Efim Etkind, Georges Nivat, Ilya Serman et Vittorio Strada: Histoire de la littérature russe, t. 1 - 6 Paris. 1987 - 1996 ( Multi-volume history of Russian literature )