El Sol (Madrid)
El Sol ( The sun ') was a liberal Spanish newspaper from Madrid, which appeared from 1917 to the Spanish Civil War. Its most prominent staff was José Ortega y Gasset.
The newspaper was founded on December 1, 1917 by the Basque paper manufacturer Nicolás María de Urgoiti. My focus was on reporting from business, culture and politics. It supported the reform movement of the regeneracionismo to the spiritual revival of the country. For El Sol Jose Ortega y Gasset was on the staff at El Imparcial and became the inspirational force and journalistic figurehead of the new paper.
During the First World War, the newspaper was considered entente - friendly. On 4 March 1918, it reported in a large presentation of the relations between the German Embassy and the anarchist Miguel Pascual and printed as evidence a letter from where a legation secretary of the Embassy Pascual appealed to the assumption of costs for the printing of a leaflet. In an interview published simultaneously Pascual claimed that the German Embassy have contributed to the August riots of 1917. The affair created a great sensation in Spain. In a subsequent process El Sol was forced to make a statutory declaration in favor of the German Embassy. From the diplomatic correspondence of the Embassy with the Foreign Office, however, show that they had actually maintained contacts with Pascual.
El Sol advocated a reform program, as it was represented by parts of the bourgeoisie and the intellectuals, and so was the magazine España (1915-1924), another mouthpiece Ortega y Gasset, near. The newspaper also sympathized with the workers' movement, as far as she stood reforms to be disclosed. El Sol reported not only in detail about the Catalanism and Basque nationalism, but also evacuated 's happening in the other provinces unusually large space. The foreign coverage was also more extensive than it was customary in Spanish newspapers. From 1919 Compatible El Sol, like most Spanish newspapers, the Morocco government policy because they hoped from a stimulus for the renewal of the country. On the other hand, renounced El Sol on topics such as lotteries or bullfighting and only went as far as to indicate the point on criminal cases and a scandal.
Among the editors there were some of the best Spanish journalists of the time. Editor in Chief was initially Félix Lorenzo, who later became known under his pseudonym Heliófilo. He was replaced on 14 September 1918 by Manuel Aznar, a Basque nationalist who came much later to the Falange movement; he remained until 28 March 1922. Among the editors of the writer Ramón J. station you listen to. The newspaper was also known for the caricatures of Luis Bagaria.
El Sol initially appeared in a volume of eight, and later of twelve pages and cost double a normal newspaper. In its advertising publishing they said: " El Sol does not accept subsidies of any kind, nor repayable loans to the government. The paper, which is required for each edition of El Sol, costs more than 5 Céntimos. Since the only revenue with which El Sol expects that revenues to which any reputable, independent company based costs, this newspaper [ ... ] throughout Spain 10 Céntimos. " Economic and political independence would not, however, without the close connection to La Papelera Española, the parent company of the Urgoiti group have been possible. 1920 started Urgoiti yet another daily appearing Evening Gazette, La Voz, which was more closer to the people.
1931 Urgoiti found himself under pressure from the government forced its shares to a group of monarchists - led by the Earl of Barbate and the Count of Gamazo - for sale. The immediate cause of an article by Ortega y Gasset with the title had been " El Berenguer error ". On March 25, 1931, the last edition was published under the previous owner. Most editors and staff - including Félix Lorenzo Ortega and Bagaria - left the leaf and switched to a new company Urgoitis, Crisol.
As a result, the newspaper made a monarchist turn, supported with the beginning of the Republic then suddenly the republican system - one of the new owner, the Earl of Barbate, was dependent for a license to tuna fishing on the government. 1932 were among the employees in the cultural part of some later founder of the Falange, like Pedro Mourlane Michelena, Eugenio Montes, José María Alfaro and Ernesto Giménez Caballero.
A new owner, the shipowner Luis Miquel, announced in June 1934 its shares to the Compañía Española Editorial off, and new editor in chief was Paulino Massip. The newspaper tried to socialize with co-workers like José Moreno Villa, Enrique Diez - Canedo, Antonio Espina, Luis de Zulueta and caricaturist Luis Bagaria to the old glory days. 1935 published here again known intellectuals such as Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez, Benjamín Jarnes, Corpus Barga and José Bergamín.
After the Civil War, the Falangist newspaper Arriba week was printed in the printing house.
Other newspapers under the title El Sol
1937 and 1938 were published under the title El Sol, a daily morning newspaper, organ of the Communist Party of Spain, and from 1938 to 1939 a daily newspaper as " organ of expression of national democracy ", both with publication Madrid. The name El Sol also wore a Mexican newspaper from 1821 to 1832, 1927 to 1939, the organ of the Socialist Party in Uruguay and 1919/20, a Sunday newspaper in Guatemala. From 1990 to 1992 appeared in Spain again a daily newspaper El Sol, which expressly relied on its famous predecessor.