Emmanuel Liais
Emmanuel Liais (* February 15, 1826 in Cherbourg, † March 5, 1900 ) was a French astronomer, botanist and explorer who lived in Brazil for many years. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Liais ".
Life
He came from a wealthy family, who made their money in shipbuilding. He himself was an amateur scientist who ran meteorological research and some treatises produced. The famous astronomer François Arago took notice of a publication in 1852, had found in the Liais that the climate was milder than that in Paris in Cherbourg.
In 1854 he was appointed to Paris and took a job at the local observatory. He assisted Urbain Le Verrier in his attempts to establish a telegraphic network for meteorological predictions.
Liais then traveled to Brazil to observe the solar eclipse of September 7 1858 and thereafter remained for a long time there. He got into the circles of the Brazilian Emperor Dom Pedro II and then became director of the Imperial Observatory of Rio de Janeiro in 1871, and again from 1874 to 1881.
Although the observatory was founded in 1827, but almost only used by students of military schools. Liais been increasingly out that this observatory was used primarily for research purposes. For this purpose, it may be helped by the fact that he had the comet C/1860 D1 discovered ( Liais ), which was equivalent to the first comet discovery from Brazil.
He also carried out observations of the planet Mars and came here in 1865 to the idea that the dark albedo areas of vegetation and stemmed not from water. Both turned out to be a not right.
By order of the Emperor, he undertook research trips within Brazil and studied plants in remote areas. Some of these plants he also sent to France. At the same time he published the book Climats, géologie, faune et géographie botanique du Brésil (Paris: Garnier Frères, 1872).
1878 began a public spat between him and Manoel Pereira Reis and his position at the observatory became increasingly untenable. Early 1881 he gave up and returned to Cherbourg. Here he was from 1884 to 1886 and again from 1892 until his death mayor. Besides, he imported exotic plants from South Africa and Asia.
He married the Dutch wraparound Trovwen. From this marriage but no children came from. His created by him, botanic gardens, he bequeathed to the town of Cherbourg. The park is still called Emmanuel Liais garden. A crater on Mars is named after him. In addition to the park there are also Emmanuel Liais Street in Cherbourg. The botanical author abbreviation Liais standard is applied for the species, which he once described.
Works
- Climats, géologie, faune et géographie botanique du Brésil, Paris, Garnier Frères, 1872
- Traité d' astronomy appliquée à la géographie et à la navigation; suivi de La Géodésie pratique, Paris, Garnier, 1867
- L' espace Céleste et la Nature Tropicale. Description physique de l' univers d'après the observations personnelles faites dans les deux Hémisphères, Paris, Garnier Frères, 1865
- L' espace Céleste, ou, Description de l' univers: accompagnée de récits de voyages entrepris pour l' étude en compléter, Paris, Garnier Frères, 1881
- Théorie mathématique the oscillations you baromètre et recherche de la loi de la moyenne de la température variation avec la latitude, Paris, Bachelier, 1851
- San Francisco et du Rio das Velhas Hydrographic du haut ou, Résultats au point de vue d'un voyage hydrographique effectué dans la province de Minas Geraes, Paris, Garnier; Rio de Janeiro, Garnier, 1865
- Recherches sur la température de l' espace planétaire, Cherbourg, Lecauf, 1853
- L' histoire de la découverte de la planète Neptune, Leipzig, G. Fock, 1892
- De l' emploi of observations arimutales pour la determination of the ascensions of déclinaisons droites et des étoiles, Cherbourg, Bedelfontaine, 1858
- Influence de la mer sur les climats, ou, résultats of observations météorologiques faites à Cherbourg en 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, Paris, Mallet- Bachelier; Cherbourg: Bedelfontaine et Syffert, 1860
- De l' emploi de l'air comme chauffé force motrice, Paris, [ sn], 1854