Emmelina monodactyla
Emmelina monodactyla
Emmelina monodactyla is a widespread species of the family of the spring moths ( Pterophoridae ).
- 3.1 Flight time
- 4.1 Synonyms
- 5.1 Notes and references
Features
The moths are colored pale russet and achieve a wingspan of 18-27 millimeters. The front wings are split up to one third. They carry a small, dark brown, elongated spot near the base of the wing tip. The wing leading edge of the first wing flap carries a small black dot, two other significant points are located at the wing tip and the trailing edge of the first wing flap. At the outer edge of the second wing flap are three black spots near the anal area, at the wing tip and in the middle. The coloration of butterfly is very variable, ranging from off-white with indistinct drawing to a strong rust brown. The pattern is less pronounced and varies considerably in size. The palps are small and set up and the second and third abdominal segment is stretched. When proximal spur pair of laterally projecting spur is only half as long as the following. The veins R2und R3 of the forewings are fused, M3 and Cu1 stalked. The sides have a brown pattern and on top of the narrow long abdomen are also small black spots arranged in a row to be found.
The caterpillars are greenish yellow and have on the back of a broad green band, a narrow interrupted yellow line is at its center. The Pinaculae are either black or as the adjacent skin colored caterpillars. Some copies may also have a wine-red marking on the back.
The coloring of dolls ranging from green to reddish brown, sometimes they have black markings.
Similar Species
The caterpillars of Emmelina monodactyla are often found associated with those of Pterophorus pentadactyla, but these have a broad dark dorsal line and are hairy considerably shorter.
Dissemination
Way of life
Live larvae of Emmelina monodactyla polyphagous on the following plants, with species of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia are preferred: field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis), Convolvulus microphyllus, Convolvulus cantabrica, Eibischblättrige bindweed (Convolvulus althaeoides ), Convolvulus floridus, Convolvulus subacaulis, Real bindweed ( Convolvulus sepium ), Calystegia soldanella, Calystegia spithamaea, goose feet ( Chenopodium ), Sign ( Atriplex ), Ipomoea purpurea, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas ), Ipomoea hispida, Ipomoea niger (? ), Thorn apple Datura stramonium.
The caterpillars of Tachinidae ( Tachinidae; Oxynops anthracinus ), parasitic wasps ( Ichneumonidae; Phaeogenes vinci bilis ) and Brackwespen ( Braconidae, Cotesia, Apanteles lacteicolor ) parasitized.
The moths overwinter and are already to be found early in the year.
Flight time
The moths fly during the entire year. From Europe it is known that the larvae live in two overlapping generations of May to September. The moths are crepuscular and nocturnal and are attracted by the light.
System
Emmelina monodactyla is the type species of the genus Emmelina, which was originally described by Linnaeus in 1758 as Phalaena Alucita monodactyla.
Synonyms
The following synonyms are known from the literature:
- Phalaena Alucita monodactyla Linnaeus, 1758
- Phalaena bidactyla Hochenwarth, 1785
- Alucita pterodactyla Hübner,
- Pterophorus flaveodactylus Amary, 1840
- Pterophorus cineridactylus Fitch, 1855
- Pterophorus naevosidactylus Fitch, 1855
- Pterophorus impersonalis Walker, 1864
- Pterophorus pergracilidactylus Packard, 1873
- Pterophorus barberi Dyar, 1903
- Pterophorus pictipennis Grinnell, 1908
- Pterophorus Monodactylus f rufa Dufrane, 1960