Endometrial hyperplasia

The endometrial hyperplasia (from the Greek endo- ένδον, inside, metrium μήτρα, uterus, Hyper ΰπερ over, out, hyperplasia πλασις making ), is a localized or generalized increase in size (hyperplasia ) of the uterine lining (endometrium). In contrast to the increase in size of hypertrophy in hyperplasia is caused by an increase in the cell number.

Formation mechanism

It is caused by a persistent stimulation of the mucosa by estrogens in the absence of simultaneous stimulation by progestins. According promote diseases that are associated with a pathologically increased estrogen production, the formation of endometrial hyperplasia. These include the follicle, the polycystic ovary syndrome and estrogen -producing tumors ( usually originating from the ovaries ).

Classification

The simple hyperplasia consists of cystic enhanced mucosal glands ( Swiss - cheese pattern) with abundant connective tissue ( stroma) between the glands.

Complex hyperplasia is characterized by an increase of the gland stroma ratio. In addition, the glands are designed by bifurcations and irregular Knospungen.

Atypical hyperplasia has, in addition to the changes in tissue architecture changes on the cellular level of: rounded, pale nuclei, large nucleoli.

Forecast

Depending on the microscopic picture the three forms tend to varying degrees to degenerate into a malignant growth form. So from 1% of the simple, 3% of the complex, and 10-30 % of atypical hyperplasia a malignant ulcer.

Veterinary medicine

A glandular- cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium is relatively common, especially in dogs, lagomorphs and guinea pig -like.

Literature and sources

• Clinical Dictionary, Pschyrembel, 258th edition, de Gruyter
• Pathology, Böcker, thinking, Heitz, 2nd edition, Urban & Fischer