Epaulette
An epaulette (French epaulette to épaule "shoulder" ) is a shoulder of a uniform. In German, commonly referred to as a special form that is different from the simple " epaulette ". These epaulettes are made in the narrow sense of the crescents, the field, the slider, and usually also beads or fringe. They are held each by a shoulder button and one Passante, which is a cross- set strip of colored cloth or braid on the shoulder, through the epaulette is pushed.
History
Originally, the epaulettes were a shoulder protection against saber cuts, but also prevented from slipping off the shoulder straps. In the 19th century, epaulettes served in many countries ( exception was Austria ) as a badge of rank of officers, but were also part of the dress uniform of some higher civil officials. The generals wore in most armies full epaulets with thick beads ( rigid Kantillen ), the staff officers with thin fringes (loose Kantillen ). The Konterepauletten the subalterns had no fringe. In the French army, the teams wore epaulettes made of wool ( individual military units to date); in the German Army wore only the crews of the Uhlans Offiziersepauletten like epaulettes. The officers of the German and Russian army wore the epaulets field. Even with the officers of the German navy epaulettes were worn to the Great uniform until 1939.
Presence
In France, wearing the teams of the Foreign Legion substances epaulettes. Today, epaulettes are also used in fashion to accentuate the shoulder.
Others
In chess there is the Epaulettenmatt. Here are both " shoulder sides" of the king's own figures and block escape fields.