Favela

With Favela ( borrowed from the Portuguese for " slum " or " slums " ) are referred to the past, especially in outlying areas of the large cities in Brazil slum. This is partly informal settlements or marginal district, in which a portion of the inhabitants does not have legal land ownership.

Features

The individual dwellings in favelas exist at the beginning of findable on the waste materials such as box-board, tin cans and palm fronds. Gradually its inhabitants stable build small houses. After the invasion of a suitable from the viewpoint of squatters living space the huts of the city administration are either demolished or tolerated and later expanded with infrastructure. That is why the quality of life of the inhabitants is quite different in the various favelas.

At the beginning, however, is usually the more or less successful attempt at a clearance. Failure to achieve the evacuation, electricity and water supply are gradually streets, integrated. Served by bus lines, health centers, police stations and schools can follow, depending on the size of the favela. Many residents of a favela go to ordinary work.

The name of the slum comes from a Brazilian climbing plant which bears the name favela. Similar to the climber, the slum settle in Rio De Janeiro at the mountains and " climb this high."

Similar settlements are also found in many other developing countries, where they have different names. Favelas can be described in part as a slum, namely when they are created by the decay of urban zones. So hot in Brazil abandoned high-rise buildings, which were occupied by homeless people, vertical favela. Even in the historical center of Salvador, reigned until the 1990s slumähnliche states.

History

The first favelas emerged in the wake of the end of slavery by the Lei Aurea in 1888. Since then they have been permanently suspended.

Since the emergence of the first favelas policy of the Brazilian government and the local government between resettlement efforts swayed on the one hand and offers of help to improve the living conditions for the residents on the other side. The military dictatorships in Brazil from 1977 to 1980 trying to reach through some of forcible relocation programs a suppression of this urban settlement areas, but this failed.

Since the late 1960s and intensified from about 1997 is set to the rehabilitation of the favelas, first with selective intervention in recent times through integrative large-scale projects. In Rio de Janeiro the highly regarded, large-scale program Favela Bairro was started in 1994; the favelas should be named according to bairros (Portuguese ), regular neighborhoods.