Filipendula

Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria )

Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) (also Spier perennial ) is a genus in the rose family ( Rosaceae ), which is found in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. The name of Filipendula filum = thread and pendulus = hanging the genus has from the hanging on strings tubers of tuberous meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris). He was initially only used for this type and only later extended to the whole genus. This name is apparently the first time in a collection of recipes of the 12th century from Salerno by Nikolaos Praepositus.

Description

Meadowsweet species are perennial, subdiözische herbaceous plants. The leaves are both in a rosette, as well as alternate on the stem and are pinnate interrupted. Stipules are present, relatively large incised and the margin.

The inflorescence is a spirrenähnliche composite grape. The flowers are five -, rarely up siebenzählig, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual.

The flower cups is weak cup-shaped and open at the top, an outer cup is missing. The recurved and lasting sepals contiguous but not overlap. The petals are white, cream, pink or red.

A discus is not visible, there are twenty to forty-five stamens. The five to fifteen (rarely less) stamp set on the base of the flower cup or a low ring. The two ovules are attached hanging.

The fruit is an achene with a fixed balgfruchtähnliche pericarp, which does not open and only bears a seed. The seeds have very little endosperm. The chromosome number is 2n = 14, 28 and 42, it can be found regularly aneuploidies.

Dissemination

Meadowsweet species are found in Europe and the temperate regions of Asia to Yunnan and in the Himalayas as well as in eastern North America. They grow in forests and on open sites ( grassland ), often with moist soils.

System

The genus meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) was first described in 1754 by Philip Miller. It is made available to a tribe or Supertribus in the subfamily Rosoideae the rose plants without assignment and includes 15 species, including:

  • Kamchatka Meadowsweet ( Filipendula kamtschatica ( Pall. ) Maxim. ), Origin: Japan, Manchuria, Kamchatka
  • Pink meadowsweet ( Filipendula palmata ( Pall. ) Maxim. ). Home: Eastern Siberia, Amur, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Mongolia, China, Japan
  • Japanese meadowsweet ( Filipendula purpurea Maxim. ), Origin: Japan
  • American meadowsweet or prairie meadowsweet ( Filipendula rubra ( Hill ) BL Rob. ), Origin: USA
  • Naturalized Europe, Asia, North America: Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria (L. ) Maxim. ), Home
  • Small meadowsweet or bulbous meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris Moench; Syn: Filipendula hexapetala Gil. ), Origin: Europe, Asia, naturalized in North America.
Rosids Rosales Gustav Hegi
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