Francis, Duke of Guise
François de Lorraine ( born February 17, 1519 in Bar-le -Duc, † February 24, 1563 in Saint- Hilaire -Saint -Mesmin ) was a French military leader and statesman. He succeeded his father in 1550 as Duke of Guise. He was also Duke of Aumale and the Prince of Joinville.
Life
François was the son of Claude de Lorraine and his wife Antoinette de Bourbon. His sister Marie was the wife of Jacob V of Scotland and mother of Mary Stuart.
In 1552, he succeeded in Metz successfully against Emperor Charles V. to defend and defeat this in 1554 at the Battle of Renty. In 1558 he captured Calais from the English.
Together with his brother Charles François was under King Francis II de facto so powerful that they were the real rulers in France. In 1560 he founded with Anne de Montmorency and Jacques d' Albon, seigneur de Saint -André, the so-called triumvirate.
François was one of the leaders of the Catholic Group in the First Huguenot War, which he called forth in 1562 with the massacre of Wassy. At the siege of Orléans, he was severely wounded in the February 18, 1563 by a Huguenot, and died a few days later from his injuries.
He was the father of Louis, called the Cardinal of Guise, Charles and Henry I., who took the eldest son his successor.
Progeny
François married 1548 Anna d' Este, daughter of Ercole II d' Este. From the marriage seven children were born:
- Henri I. (1550-1588), Duke of Guise
- Catherine Marie (1552-1596), ∞ Louis III. de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier
- Charles (1554-1611), Duke of Mayenne
- Louis (1555-1588), Cardinal and Archbishop of Reims
- Antoine (1557-1560)
- François (1559-1573)
- Max (1562-1567)
Coat of arms
The main sign showing in box 1, seven times divided red - silver (Hungary, old); in box 2, of blue ground, sown with golden lilies, above a red, dreilätziger Tournament collar ( Kingdom of Naples, Anjou- Sicily ); in section 3, on a silver background, a golden Jerusalem Cross ( Kingdom of Jerusalem ); in box 4, on a golden background, four red poles ( Aragon, new); over these four fields, a red, dreilätziger Tournament collar. In section 5, inside a red rim blue with golden lilies sown ( Anjou, younger line );, red edges in box 6, on a blue background a golden lion and gezungt ( Htum funds ) in section 7, on a golden background, a black lion with red edges and gezungt ( Htum Jülich); in section 8, on a blue ground, strewn with Steckkreuzchen, two oppositely facing golden barbs ( Htum bar ). The heart sign showing the Ancestral Arms of the Dukes of Lorraine; on a golden background a red slant right bar, occupied by three silver Alerions.
On the shield a crown and around the shield, the Collar of the Order of St Michael occupied with Pectinidae, St. Michael medallion on the