François Levaillant

François Le Vaillant Levaillant or (* August 6, 1753 in Paramaribo, † November 22, 1824 in La Noue ) was a French author, explorer, naturalist and ornithologist.

Life

François Levaillant was born the son of the French consul in Paramaribo, the capital of Dutch Guiana ( Suriname). When his father returned to Europe in 1763, he began his studies of the natural sciences in Metz. From the Dutch East India Company in 1781, he was sent to Cape Town in South Africa and collected samples there until 1784. He made three trips, one around Cape Town and Saldanha Bay, one east of the Cape of Good Hope and the third north of the Orange River and in Namaqualand.

After his return he published his stories under the titles Voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Afrique (1790, 2 volumes) and Second voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Afrique (1796, 3 volumes), both of which have been translated into several languages. He published further reports on African birds ( Histoire naturelle des oiseaux d' Afrique, 1796-1808, 6 volumes) with drawings by Jacques Barraband, Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de paradis ( 1801-1806 ), Histoire naturelle et cotingas of the todiers ( 1804) and Histoire naturelle of Calaos (1804 ). Levaillants drawings often influenced the scientific names that have been assigned by others, such as Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot.

Over 2000 bird skins he sent to the Treasurer of the Dutch East India Company, Jacob Temminck, who had financed his expedition; they were examined by Coenraad Jacob Temminck his son and included in the collections of the Museum of Leiden. Other patterns copies were in the cabinet of Joan Raye, a former Governor-General in Surinam. This collection was purchased by the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke history in the late 1820s, this is the Natural History Museum Naturalis in Leiden today.

Levaillant died in poverty in the French resort of La Noue, near Sézanne (Marne).

Bird names

Levaillant rejected the biological nomenclature was introduced by Carl Linnaeus, and gave the newly discovered species of him only French names. Some of them are still in use, such as the juggler (French Bateleur; terathopius Ecaudatus ). Other scientists, it was left to his discoveries assign binomial name. Some of them Levaillant honored by their designation:

  • Levaillants cuckoo
  • Picus vaillantii (Atlas Green Woodpecker )

Writings

  • François Le Vaillant: Voyage de M. Le Vaillant dans l' Intérieur de l' Afrique par Le Cap de Bonne Espérance, dans Les années 1783, 84 & 85 Leroy Paris, 1790, 2 volumes.
  • François Levaillant: Second voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Afrique, par le Cap de Bonne Espérance -, dans les annees 1783, 84 et 85 Paris HJ Jansen et Comp, An III (1795 ), 3 vols. . Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3
  • Histoire naturelle d'une partie d' oiseaux rares et de l' Amérique nouveaux et des Indes: ouvrage destiné par l' auteur à faire partie de son ornithology d' Afrique. Paris 1801. 1 band
  • Histoire naturelle of perroquets, Paris Levrault, Schoell & Cie, An IX -XII (1801-1805), 2 volumes. Volume 1, Volume 2
  • Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de paradis et des rolliers, suivie de celles of toucans et des barbus, Paris, le jeune Denne & Perlet, (1801-1806), 2 volumes.
  • Histoire naturelle et Promerops of the guêpiers ( et des couroucous et touracos, faisant suite à celle des oiseaux de paradis ), Paris Levrault, (1806 ) 1807 (1816 or 1818) 3 volumes.
  • Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux d' Afrique. Paris, Delaware Road, XIII 1805 - 1808. 6 B # nde. Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 4, Volume 5, 6 band
  • Game Méridionale de l' Afrique depuis le Tropique du Capricorne jusqu'au Cap de Bonne Espérance contenant les Pays des Hottentots, et de quelques autres des Cafres Nations / dressée pour le Roi sur les observations de M. Le Vaillant par M. de Laborde, ancien premier valet de chambre du Roi, governor du Louvre, l' un des Fermiers généraux de Sa majesté

In German translation:

  • Francois Levaillant: Journeys into the interior of Africa, during the years 1780 to 1785 Translated from the French and annotated by Johann Reinhold Forster.. Christian Friedrich Voss and Sohn, Berlin, 1790. 2 vols.
  • Francois Levaillant: Le Vaillant 's new journey into the interior of Africa, during the years 1783 to 1785 Translated from the French and annotated by Johann Reinhold Forster.. Vossische bookstore, Berlin, 1796.
  • Naturalist
  • Born in 1753
  • Died in 1824
  • Man
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