Free plan
Free floor plan referred to in the architecture, the principle to waive permanently retracted bearing walls in the individual floors. External walls and single columns support from the loads so that partitions may be redeemed at any time within the plane defined by the supporting grid structure. The floor plan can be designed freely and is free of design constraints. Modifications of the plan are to be realized in retrospect.
The term describes a constructive principle, while the term " Open floor plan " describes a spatial principle.
Le plan libre
The plan libre was developed in the modern period. The concept was known primarily for Le Corbusier, who in 1914 in the construction scheme for the "Dom- ino " began house. Here, the room-bounding components such as walls, ceilings and facade constructively solve each other, which in plan design a much greater design freedom is possible in the direction of open floor plan.
Le Corbusier formulated to 1927 in its statement ' five points of a new architecture "along with the" free facade design " in section 3:
" 3 The free ground-plan: The support system carries the intermediate ceilings and goes up to the roof. The partitions are made available to be in need, with no floor is somehow tied to the other. There are no supporting walls but only membranes of any thickness. Consequence of this is absolute freedom in the ground-plan, ie free disposal of the existing resources, which easily creates the balance with the somewhat costly concrete construction. "
More prototypes Le Corbusier with free floor plan are the built in 1927 Citrohan in Stuttgart / Weißenhofsiedlung, the "Villa Stone " in Garches (1927 ) and the Villa Savoye in Poissy near Paris ( 1929-1932 ), in which realized its full 5-point program been. But the Neo with the group " De Stijl", especially the Rietveld Schröder House in Utrecht (1924 ) by Gerrit Rietveld as well as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe with his 1929 -designed for the International Exhibition in Barcelona Expo Pavilion, have the received ideas of outdoor floor plan and implemented to unprecedented and exemplary accomplishment.