Friedrich Eduard König

Friedrich Eduard König ( * November 15, 1846 in Reichenbach in Vogtland, † February 10, 1936 in Bonn ) was a German Protestant theologian, Bible scholars, linguist and professor in Leipzig, Rostock and Bonn, which in itself in connection with the question of Panbabylonismus Babel - Bible controversy as opponents of Friedrich Delitzsch particularly committed because he was convinced the Old Testament of the historicity of the Bible.

Life and work

The son of a clothier from the Saxon textile town of Reichenbach, after extraordinary achievements in civil and junior high school go to a high school in Plauen, so that will be opened to him a later study opportunity. There is even allowed him to skip a grade, and he puts 1867 as the best in its class the matriculation examination with distinction.

At the University of Leipzig, he initially enrolled history and classical philology, then changes to theology and Oriental Studies, but also visits all possible courses that can be useful for a Bible scholars in the broadest sense: history of writing, comparative linguistics and sound physiology, psychophysics, Arabic, Syrian, Indian Studies, German Studies, Geography of Palestine, even mineralogy.

After the licentiate in theology in 1871 King starts on a Saxon grammar school to teach religion, PhD a year later, Dr. phil. with a thesis on " thought, sound and accent as the three factors of language education, Comparativ and physiologically shown on Hebrew " in the field of Semitic linguistics that will form his whole later life through a major focus. In the same year he married Alwine Löfler that will give him four daughters. In 1876, he is a religion teacher at the Leipzig Thomas School, next to studying Altäthiopisch and related südsemitische languages ​​and subsequently released his second language scholarly work on writing, pronunciation and general morphology, drawn from the sources Comparativ and physiologically explained.

Because of his habilitation thesis " De criticae sacrae Argue e linguae legibus repetitio historia, natura, vi " ( i.e., the language of evidence in the Bible criticism, its history, its nature and authority ) he receives in 1879 the venia legendi professor at the theological Faculty in Leipzig, where it is an associate professor in 1885. Three later honors the only 42 -year-olds, the University of Erlangen with a hc theology ( "D"), and he was appointed to teach at the Theological Faculty of the University of Rostock. In 1900 he is professor of Old Testament exegesis at the University of Bonn and acts as director of the Old Testament Seminary until his retirement in 1926. From the Dutch University of Groningen is 1914 the now by the Prussian king to the Privy Konsistorialrat appointees a second honorary doctorate with the title "Doctor litterarum Semitticarum "award.

As a linguist tried king, the phonetic and physiological methods of modern philology on Semitic languages ​​such as Hebrew and Ethiopian in works such as thought, sound, and accent as the three factors of language education (1874 ), the new studies on writing, pronunciation, and general morphology of the Ethiopic (1877 ) and the three-volume historical- critical doctrine of the Hebrew language ( 1881-1897 ) apply. However, King was tremendously productive as Old Testament Bibelexeget, as shows the long list of his publications, but took very headstrong almost all detailed statement that moved the time from anti-Semitism on the Panbabylonismus, the wide at the beginning of the 20th century members of the public churned up to Oswald Spengler's Decline of the West, Gotteslästerungsprozessen and Nazism. In many cases, he was rejected, he was often ahead of his time in many ways he is already outdated again. In linguistic respect his work as a whole have fallen to more lasting recognition as his actual area as an exegete. Especially his numerous bible historical works have never experienced undivided appreciation.

King himself has divided into a retrospective of my work in the areas of language and religious studies his writings into three groups:

Publications

• Thought, sound and accent as the three factors of language education, Comparativ and physiologically shown on Hebrew. Diss Leipzig in 1872, Print: Böhlau, Weimar 1874
• New studies on writing, pronunciation and general morphology of the Ethiopic. J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1877
• De criticae sacrae argumento e linguae legibus repetito. Ratione capp ducta maxime Geneseos. 1-11 eius historiam, naturam, vim examinavit Friedericus Eduardus Koenig. J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig, 1879. ATLA fiche 1985-1964.
• De criticae sacrae argumento e linguae legibus repetito. Commentatio historico - critica quam sum venerandi theologorum Ordinis auctoritate in Academia Lipsiensi. Habil font, J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig, 1879.
• Historical- critical doctrine of the Hebrew language with constant reference to Qimchi and the other Auctoritäten. J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig, 3 volumes from 1881 to 1897. Reprint: Georg Olms, Hildesheim - New York 1979
• The concept of revelation of the Old Testament. J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1882
• The main problems of ancient Israelite religious history, against the Entwickelungstheoretikern illuminated. JC Hinrichs, Leipzig 1884
• Doctrine of Scripture, the pronunciation, the pronoun and the verb. Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1979
• The act of belief of the Christians according to criteria and foundation evaluated. A.Deichert, Leipzig 1891
• Introduction to the Old Testament, with the inclusion of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament. ( = Collection of theological manuals. Part 2: Old Testament, Division 1 ) E. Weber, Bonn 1893.
• Incorrect extremes in the recent criticism of the Old Testament. Alexander Edelmann, 1885
• With Dawid Qimḥî: completion of speciellen morphology and general morphology. JC Hinrichs, Leipzig 1895 Reprint: . Olms, Hildesheim 1979
• With Dawid Qimḥî: Historical- comparative syntax of the Hebrew language: Final part of the historical-critical teaching building of Hebrew. JC Hinrichs, Leipzig 1897.
• Five new Arab landscape names in the Old Testament with a digression on the question of paradise. Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1901.
• Hebrew and Semitic; Prolegomena and baselines of a history of the Semitic languages ​​, together with a digression on the vorjosuanische language of Israel and the Pentateuchquelle PC. Reuther & Reichard, Berlin 1901.
• The importance of the Old Testament for the Christian faith. H. G. Wallmann, Leipzig 1901.
• Latest principles of Old Testament criticism. Edwin Runge, Berlin 1902
• Bible and Babel: a cultural-historical sketch. Warneck, Berlin 1902.
• Babylonisierungsversuche as to the patriarchs and kings of Israel. C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1903
• Old Testament criticism and belief in revelation. Lectures held in the " course of Christian religion science" to Dortmund on 7 and 8 October 1903 Runge, Berlin 1903
• The wonders of unbelief. Authorized translation from English and with additions provided by F. Ballard. Erwin Runge, Berlin 1903
• The Babel - Bible question and the scientific method; also criticism of Delitzsch 's Babel IIId Bible Scripture. Erwin Runge, Berlin 1904
• Credibility traces of the Old Testament Erwin Runge, Berlin 1903
• In the battle for the Old Testament. Runge, Berlin 1903-05
• The Bible and Babylon: Their Relationship in the History of Culture. The Religious Tract Society, 1905
• The Babylonian Captivity of the Bible. M. Kiel man, Stuttgart 1905
• " Ancient Near Eastern world view " and the Old Testament: Last major problem of Babel Bible debate. E. Runge, Berlin 1905
• The historical source value of the Old Testament discussed in lectures to teachers and teachers. Hermann Beyer & Söhne ( Beyer & Mann ), Langensalza 1905
• The older prophecy. Except for the heroic figures of Elijah and Elisha ( = Biblical time and contentious issues to educate the educated Series 1, No. 9 ) Edwin Runge, Berlin 1905.
• Modern views on the origin of the Israelite religion: lectures in front of male and female teachers. H. Beyer & Söhne, Langensalza 1906.
• Ideal Prophet Judaism and Christianity: The main problem of late Israelite religious history. J. C. Hinrichs, Leipzig 1906
• Talmud and New Testament. E. Runge, Berlin 1907
• Ahasuerus, " the eternal Jew ", regarded by his original idea and his literary exploitation. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1907
• Talmud and New Testament. E. Runge, Gr. Lichterfelde Berlin 1907
• Hebrew grammar for teaching with exercises and vocabularies. JC Hinrichs, Leipzig 1908
• History of the kingdom of God until Jesus Christ M. Warneck, Berlin 1908
• Babylonian influence on the cultural history. New Yearbooks born 1908. BG Teubner, Leipzig 1908
• Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament with activation and analysis of all difficult to recognize shapes, Interpretation of proper names as well as the Masoretic asides and a German Hebrew word register. Dieterich, Leipzig 1910
• The Old Testament prophecy and modern historical research. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1910
• Babylonia and the interpretation of the Old Testament C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1911
• Sage and myth relative to the " Wandering Jew ". In: North and South 36.Jg., Vol 141, Issue 452 (May 1912)
• History of Old Testament religion represented critical. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1912
• The writing of history in the Old Testament. ( = Biblical time and disputes Series 8, Issue 10 ) E. Runge, Berlin light field in 1913
• Hebrew rhythm. The laws of the Old Testament verse and Strophenbaues shown critical. Bookstore of the orphanage, Halle 1914
• The modern Pentateuch and their latest fight. A. Deichert, Leipzig 1914
• The main anti-Semitic dogma. A. Marcus and E. Weber, Bonn 1914
• History of alttestamentischen religion. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1915
• Hermeneutics of the Old Testament: with special reference to the modern problems A. Marcus & E. Weber, Bonn 1916
• Canon and Apocrypha. A History by. Representation. Contributions to the promotion of Christian Theology Vol 21, Issue 6, Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1917
• Deuteronomy. A. Deichert, Leipzig 1917
• Biblical text and biblical interpretation in religious instruction. ( = Current Affairs evangelical pedagogy 2, H. 1) Zillessen, Berlin 1917
• The expert opinion in Gotteslästerungsprozess Fritsch, lit by E. King, Core & Borel, Dresden 1918
• Canon and apocrypha: a historical presentation. C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1917
• The Genesis. C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1919
• Israel's religion according to their position in the spiritual history of mankind. ( = Christianity and Judaism Series 1, Issue 2 ) Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1919
• Religion bankruptcy: a fateful buzzword of our time. ( = Response to contemporary issues No. 9) Rough House, Hamburg 1920
• Is religion really a "private matter "? ( = Books of Martin Luther Community College H. 3) Zillessen, Berlin 1920
• Friedrich Delitzsch 's " The Great Deception ". C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1920
• How far Delitzsch 's right?: Answered by critical examination of the second part of Delitzsch " The great illusion". C. A. Schwetschke, Berlin 1921
• Oswald Spengler 's " The Decline of the West", especially psychological and religious history evaluated. H. Beyer, Langensalza 1921
• The sg popular religion of Israel, a questionable size of Old Testament theology. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1921
• Sexual and related modern Bible interpretations. ( = Frederick Mann's educational magazine H. 892 ) H. Beyer & Söhne, Langensalza 1922
• Represented Theology of the Old Testament critically and comparatively. C. Belser, Stuttgart 1922
• The modern Babylonisierung the Bible in its latest manifestation ( Delitzsch's "Babel and Bible " 1921). C. Belser, Stuttgart 1922
• Spengler's " Decline of the West", especially psychological and religious history evaluated. In view of Spengler's second part and his latest critic enlarged edition. ( = Frederick Mann's educational magazine, Issue 838 ) H. Beyer & Söhne, Langensalza 1923
• Modern stumbling blocks on the way to Bible faith intelligible investigated. G. Ihloff, Neumünster i Holstein 1924
• Is now the prevailing assessment of the Hebrew sources of history right? In: Historical Journal 132 (1925) pp. 289-302
• Isaiah C.Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1926.
• The Psalms, C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1927
• The double Wellhausenianismus in the light of my source research. A look back at my work in the areas of language and religious studies. C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1927
• The Book of Job. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1929
• The truth of the Old Testament religion. ( = Contributions to the promotion of Christian Theology Vol 32, Issue 5 ) C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1929.
• Central place of worship and cult centralization in ancient Israel. ( = Contributions to the promotion of Christian theology, Vol 34, Issue 3 ) C. Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1931
• Is the modern Pentateuch based on facts? To illuminate the very latest allegations. Belser, Stuttgart 1933