Fritware

Porcelain frits (French porcelaine tendre, English fritware ) is considered half or fake porcelain, which was mainly produced in France in the 18th century.

Earthenware

Other earthenware

Crockery

Glazed

It is often wrongly attributed to the soft-paste porcelain, although it is not therefore the subclass porcelain can be associated with chemical and manufacturing technology to the class sintering and stuff. Therefore, this special ceramic is in the English language area also aptly referred to as fritware and faience mentioned in connection with stone paste, or pottery, whereby there is a clearer distinction from porcelain in practice. One reason for the slightly ambiguous naming is situated in a century dispute where the cradle of European porcelain was and who can claim the oldest manufacturing rights. Here there is probably little chance of unambiguous clarification. To avoid frit porcelain manufacturer regularly information that contradict real porcelain. Anyway, one of the most famous fries Porcelain Manufactory Manufacture royale de porcelaine is the de Sèvres.

The production of porcelain frit is long and complicated, it was therefore considerably more expensive than the "real" porcelain. First, silica sand, saltpeter, salt, soda, alum and calcium sulfate were mixed and fired to a glassy material ( in the form of alabaster or gypsum) - frit - was born. This material was crushed and ground to be then mixed with chalk or chalky marl in 3:1 ratio. The mixture was also added to green soap to increase the moldability of the composition. After an elaborate release of air bubbles by kneading and rolling, the mass was formed, glazed and fired to the final product.

Frit porcelain is more sensitive to temperature fluctuations and shock sensitive. The glaze is also softer and can for example be damaged with cutlery. However, it also has a high light refraction, which increases the brightness of the colors. On top frit porcelain is fired at lower temperatures, resulting in a larger range of colors can be used. Since it softer, " liquid " is when burning, not too complicated figures it could be realized.

Porcelain frit contains in its classical composition no kaolin, making a clear distinction is given to porcelain.

Factories

Frit porcelain produced for example the following French manufacturers:

• The manufactory of Louis and Michel Poterat in Rouen ( from 1673 onwards )
• The manufactory of Pierre Chicaneau and his heirs in Saint-Cloud (1677-1766)
• The manufactory of François Barbin in Paris, rue de Charonne (1720-1734), published in 1735 by Mennecy
• The manufactory of Chantilly ( 1725 )
• The factory of Villeroy in Mennecy (1735-1775)
• Laid the manufactory of Vincennes (1738-1756), 1756 by Sèvres
• The manufactory of Sceaux (from 1748)
• The manufactory of Tournai (1751-1890)
• The Manufacture royale de porcelaine de Sèvres (1756 emerged from the manufacture of Vincennes )