Fucales

Fucus distichus, Fucaceae

The Fucales are the most species-rich order of the class of brown algae. They include many referred to as kelp species.

  • 5.1 Notes and references

Description

The order Fucales includes macroalgae with real tissue formation, which are mostly perennial. The firm, leathery thallus is either divided dichotomously or irregularly branched. It can be long in some species over a meter. The growth takes place at the Thallusenden. Some species have swim bladders provide the buoyancy in the water. Species of the intertidal zone are protected from drying out by a mucus layer ( fucoidin ).

Cell Biologically the Fucales are characterized by multiple scattered discoidal plastids and pyrenoids missing.

Reproduction

The Fucales are diploid generation without change. In the germ cells of vessels ( Konzeptakeln ) the gametes produced by meiosis and a different number of mitoses. These few cells resulting from mitosis correspond to an extremely reduced gametophytes. Almost always immovable and movable ova sperm are formed ( oogamy ). The forward facing tinsel of sperm is shorter than the rear smooth flagellum. The sperm are attracted by a pheromone from the eggs. After fertilization, the zygote establishes and grows into a new diploid alga zoom.

Occurrence

The Fucales are common in the seas around the world. They mainly belong to the benthos and grow in the intertidal zone or in the sublittoral zone on the rocky base of the coasts. Some types of spread in warmer seas Golf Tange also drive freely in the surface water ( Sargassum natans and Sargassum fluitans ).

System

The order Fucales was erected in 1827 by Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint -Vincent. It is the most species-rich order of the brown algae. After Guiry in AlgaeBase (2012 ) it comprises 9 families with about 523 species. Among them are alone 340 species to the genus of golf Tange ( Sargassum ).

  • Family Bifurcariopsidaceae Cho, Rousseau, de coalfield & Boo, with only one genus: Bifurcariopsis, with the only kind Bifurcariopsis capensis ( Areschoug ) Papenfuss
  • Durvillaea Bory de Saint -Vincent, with 5 species
  • Ascophyllum Stackhouse, with the only kind Knotted ( Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis )
  • Sägetang (Fucus serratus L.)
  • Spiraltang (Fucus spiralis L.)
  • Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus L.)
  • Hesperophycus californicus P.C.Silva
  • Rinnentang ( Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Decaisne & Thuret )
  • Himanthalia Lyngbye, with the only kind Riementang ( Himanthalia elongata (L.) S.F.Gray )
  • Hormosira ( Endlichter ) Meneghini, with the only kind Hormosira banksii ( Turner) Decaisne
  • Notheia Harvey & Bailey, with the only kind Notheia anomala Harvey & Bailey
  • Acrocarpia Areschoug, with 2 types
  • Anthophycus Kiitzing, with the only kind Anthophycus longifolius ( Turner) Kützing
  • Axillariella constricta ( J.Agardh ) P.C.Silva
  • Brassicophycus brassicaeformis ( Kützing ) Draisma, Ballesteros, F.Rousseau & T.Thibaut
  • Carpoglossum confluens ( R.Brown ex Turner) Kützing
  • Cladophyllum schnetteri Bula -Meyer
  • Coccophora langsdorfii ( Turner) Greville
  • Cystophyllum hildebrandtii Grunow
  • Schotentang ( Halidrys siliquosa )
  • Hormophysa cuneiformis ( J.F.Gmelin ) P.C.Silva
  • Myagropsis myagroides ( Mertens ex Turner) Fensholt
  • Nizamuddinia zanardinii ( Schiffner ) P.C.Silva
  • Oerstedtia scalaris ( Suhr ) Jensen
  • Palaeohalidrys californica N.L.Gardner
  • Sargassopsis decurrens ( R.Brown ex Turner) Trevisan
  • Scaberia agardhii Greville
  • Sirophysalis trinodis ( Forsskal ) Kützing
  • Stolonophora brandegeei ( Setchell & Foslie ) Nizamuddin
  • Cystosphaera Skottsberg, with the only kind Cystosphaera jacquinotii ( Montagne ) Skottsberg
  • Phyllospora comosa ( Labillardiere ) C.Agardh
  • Seirococcus axillary ( R.Brown ex Turner) Greville
  • Xiphophora Montagne, with 2 types

Use

Alginates are extracted from a plurality of types, for example knotted and Fucus species. The kelp extract is used for cosmetic products. As Tangbäder the dried algae are used in thalassotherapy. The bladder is also used as a remedy.

Swell

  • Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Fucales In: AlgaeBase - World -wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway accessed 22 March, 2012 ( section systematics)
  • Eduard Strasburger ( Lim. ), Peter Sitte, Hubert Ziegler, Frederick Ehrendorfer, Andreas Bresinsky: textbook of botany for colleges. 33rd. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1991, ISBN 3-437-20447-5, pp. 617-619 (Sections description, reproduction, occurrence)
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