Fumaria capreolata
Inflorescence of a Vine - Erdrauchs
The Vine Fumitory ( Fumaria capreolata ), also rank Ender Fumitory, Klimmender Fumitory or called White Fumitory, is a plant from the family of Poppy Family ( Papaveraceae ). It is much rarer than the ordinary Fumitory. The often twining flower stalks gave him his name.
- 4.1 Notes and references
- 4.2 External links
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The end Fumitory Rank is a mehrstängelige, annual, herbaceous plant, which reaches stature heights between 20 and 100 centimeters. The low -lying often climbing stems have no right tendrils, but the petioles of the leaflets are sometimes rambling. At the top of the stalk, the blue-green one another are arranged twice fiederschnittigen leaves. The lower leaves are stalked.
The leaf axillary racemose inflorescence is including the inflorescence stem 2 to 3.5 cm long and contains five to 20 flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic. The two green, serrated, lanceolate sepals are 4-6 mm long. The sepals are about half as long as the petals, if one does not consider the spur, and they fall off easily. The four petals are in two circles and form the zygomorphe crown, which is 9 to 14 mm long. The above outer petal is extended saccular backwards and thus form a 2 to 3 mm long spur. The three inner petals are fused at the top. The petals are white before pollination, after which they are pink and purple at the cup opening. The flower contains two three-piece stamens, one of which extends into the spur, where it forms nectar leaves. The flowering period begins in the Mediterranean area in March, in Central Europe in May and lasts until September. Among the fruit stalks and each forms a support sheet which has approximately the length of the fruit stalk.
For each flower is a spherical, smooth, 2 to 3 millimeters by measuring fruit, called nutlets, which only contains one each of seeds developed. The fruit is trimmed up, it has two round pits. The small fruits can already be observed during the flowering period. The maturation of the seed takes place from July to October.
Other properties
The chromosome number is given by 2n = 56,64.
Distribution and ecology
The distribution area includes the Mediterranean and Western Europe. In Central Europe, this type is rare and unstable. In Switzerland it is passed in the "Red List of Threatened Species ". As the site cultivated land, Waste places and walls are preferred at altitudes below 1200 meters. According to the ecological indicator values according to Ellenberg the type is specified as a semi shade plant for moderately warm to hot maritime climate. The displayed soil is then evenly slightly moist, nitrogen- rich and moderately acidic.
The pollination of hermaphrodite flowers is usually done by insects, mostly by langrüsselige bees.
The rank end Fumitory is spread by ants. This happens because the ants spend the fruit as a food source in construction. After nibble of fruit, worthless for the ants seed is removed from the building and stored somewhere, where he then germinate under suitable conditions. So he gets on so unusual locations such as walls. This type does not form winter buds and is therefore counted as therophytes ( annuals ).
System
Two subspecies of the rank ends Erdrauchs ( Fumaria capreolata ) are generally recognized
- Fumaria capreolata subsp. babingtonii ( Pugsley ) P.D. Sell is endemic in the UK and Ireland and usually found near the coast. It has 2.5 mm diameter slightly larger fruit with blunt rounded tip. The size of the flower corresponds with her about the size of the flower stems.
- Fumaria capreolata subsp. capreolata, with a fruit diameter of about 2 mm and the tip looks more cut off. The flowers are usually shorter than the flower stalks of this subspecies.
Sources and further information
The article is mainly based on the following documents:
- Description in the Flora of Pakistan. (English )
- Ingrid and Peter Schoenfelder: Cosmos What flowers on the Mediterranean, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10211-4