Functional polymers

Functional Polymers (English: functional polymer or smart polymers) and based thereon material combinations are complex macromolecular materials systems with a high degree of integration of " functionalities ". Hence, they also consist of specific natural or synthetic polymers, the active, "smart" can take over or exercise functions and / or possess the ability to respond to stimulators such as pressure, heat, light or electricity active, which often leads to fascinating effects.

Properties

Functional polymers are also characterized by specific adsorption, reactivity and transport properties and are therefore suitable as materials, for example, sensor, actuator or membranes. Furthermore, they are suitable for surface- and interface- changing, compatibilizing, and other applications. Their specific properties result from the molecular and supramolecular structures of the macromolecules of which they consist. Furthermore, appropriate polymers by means of specific organic or inorganic additives can be modified to obtain functional polymers with this particular material properties.

Functional polymers are the focus of intensive research and development activities. The classical applications of polymers are in the field of construction. The application of functional polymers is in the non-structural region. Of interest are polymers with electrical, magnetic, optical, electrochromic, thermochromic, antibacterial liquid crystalline or other functional properties.

The term functional polymers macromolecule systems are understood with exceptional features as well as their combination with low molecular weight organic substances or inorganic materials, nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanotubes. These are base materials for new applications, including investigation of relevant manufacturing processes and the generation of MATCHING equipment. The importance of functional materials based on native or synthetic polymers is due to the fact that they form a material base for technology development and key technologies of this century can not be realized without the use of novel functional polymer materials and polymer material systems.

Despite the many scientific and technological activities only a few selected applications such as organic light-emitting diodes, known as OLEDs or polymer-based displays are currently available. The functional polymer systems, an increasing relevance for a variety of applications, for example in the areas of information and communication technology, production, storage and conversion of energy or life sciences is attributed to who are interesting, among other things for the low-price segment and for mass markets. But also in a variety of niche markets or new markets, applications are discussed.

Products and electronic functional polymers

  • Polymer actuators - mechano- active functional polymer composites; polymer sensors
  • Field effect transistors; polymer integrated circuits and RFID transponder
  • Organic thin film solar cells - Polymer solar cells
  • Organic electroluminescent diodes; Polymer displays ( "e -paper " )
  • Polymer optical waveguides and polymer films with switchable transparency
  • Anti-static products and shielding against electromagnetic radiation

Functional textiles and textile composite structures

  • Functional coatings on textile surfaces; Drug -supporting textile fibers
  • Electrically conductive and piezoelectric fibers and textiles
  • Intelligent adaptive textiles and transfer systems; "Smart clothings ";
  • Biocompatible textile constructs; "Tissue engineering materials"
  • Chromatography, apheresis, Adsorberfasern; " Drug delivery systems "

Potentials and fields of application

Functional polymer systems also have potential, especially as a result of the possible combinations of individual components in micro systems, such as sensors and actuators with Fluid systems and logic applied in case of sensor array chip, which consist of microfluidic structures, actuators and appropriate sensors as well as an evaluation and communication Electronics ( "lab on a chip " ). Furthermore, functional polymers allow structuring and production technologies, such as printing. The use of functional polymer materials brings in comparison to the application of conventional semiconductor materials a number of advantages associated with especially in the combining and integration of various functionalities in the adaptivity to external factors and environmental conditions in the free shaping, in the application of technologies low manufacturing costs and suitability for mass production can be seen.

The vehicles and machine tools is strongly influenced by the integration of additional sensors, actuators, electronics, control engineering, mechatronics and Adaptive Systems and the use of special materials with specific functionalities on polymer-based, including the evolution of design principles and the evaluation of the use of security resulting products.

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