Fundus (eye)

The fundus ( fundus oculi in Latin ) is the pass in drug dilated pupil through the transparent vitreous visible inside back wall of the eyeball and contains the following anatomical structures:

• Retina ( retina)
• Optic nerve head ( optic disc or blind spot )
• Vessels ( artery and vein centralis retinae )
• Yellow spot ( macula lutea)
• Periphery of the retina and the transition between the retina and the ciliary body ( ora serrata )

Visualization

The fundus is observed by funduscopic examination (ophthalmoscopy ). By means of retinal vessel analysis can be gauged the blood vessels. In addition to the detection of diseases of the eye itself internist or neurological diagnoses are possible.

Photographic flash units illuminate the retina directly and intensely without the pupil can draw fast enough. In the corresponding photographic images that depict the illuminated retina, the highly vascularized retina is then in the pupil often be seen as structureless, red circle (red-eye effect).

Visualization of the fundus own

When Autophthalmoskopie the own fundus can be observed by in the dark a bright and punctate possible light source without the ultraviolet light component ( otherwise there is the danger of Keratoconjunctivitis photoelectrica ), such as a small light-emitting diode flashlight, side and approximately at right angles to the visual axis on the pupil is directed. The vessels of their own fundus are then visible as black shadow lines on a light background. The light source is imaged by the lens of the eye as a circle of confusion on the side opposite the light incident side of the retina and illuminated by scattering and diffuse reflection indirectly more or less the entire retina. The surveys of their own blood vessels throw at grazing incidence of light then light shadows on the retina, which are in accordance visible in these areas.