Furniture

The terms Furniture and furnishings (from Latin mobilis moving = ) denote furnishings mainly indoors as homes, shops, offices or other units of use, sometimes even outdoors. The term is thus opposed to immovable things (real estate) that are firmly connected and fixed to the floor or building structures.

• 8.1 Germany
• 8.2 France
• 8.3 Switzerland 8.3.1 Basel
• 8.3.2 Bern
• 8.3.3 Lenzburg
• 8.3.4 Liestal
• 8.3.5 Lucerne
• 8.3.6 Zurich

Overview

As a body is defined as the totality of the elements that help to shape as functional and / or formative elements of architectural spaces ( rare landscape areas ) that are not themselves part of the building structure ( or of nature or landscape ), however, are but part of the interior design (or outdoor design ) are.

According to the dictionary of the Brothers Grimm is the " word ... the double ( ösischen ) 17th jahrh. ( Underts ) taken from where it had the force still makes the house Board, which makes a room cozy or it beautifies obtained ". It was " as a buzzword, initially in the foreign tender: meubles " has been used. The term furniture is usually used in the plural, the term furniture in the singular. Both terms are generic terms for a group of home furnishings. In addition to furniture, curtains, carpets, houseplants, etc. are part of the facility. In contrast to these elements, a piece of furniture is, however, earmarked and are used primarily for storage of human, animal or object in the broadest sense: the storage / holding objects, sitting or lying down of the people (or animals ), as the basis for the execution of any activities. The division into certain groups of furniture is not always straightforward and can be done by different criteria. Furniture are object- like elements as independent are usually inherently stable body in space, so that they differ, for example, of textile elements of interior design, hanging as flat elements or be clamped to the wall.

Unlike art objects is the primary value of furniture in their use value, not the aesthetic value. Unlike machines and tools they do not serve the production, but the inclusion of humans, animals or objects: sitting, standing and laying. Compared to architectural objects and other structures furniture has a dimension that allows it to move with muscle strength. However, they are compared with other household items and objects that you can easily carry around with them, of larger size and severity. A border phenomenon are built-in furniture that no longer can be moved due to their established connection with the building structure.

History

Furniture came on after the Neolithic revolution. Proved they are at least since the time of the Pharaohs, as from finds from Akrotiri (Santorini ) around 1500 BC Ancient Egypt a developed Möbelschreinerei is known. Discovered tables, thrones and chairs show skills in turning, veneering, Intarsieren and painting. Famous pieces come out of the grave of Tutankhamen, 14th Jh.v. BC In ancient Greek house, there were chairs, stools, tables, beds, chests, dressers and beds in the men's room. Even the ancient Greeks ( from the 8th century BC) already knew the woodturning craft. They used simple mechanical lathes that had to use his feet. The most famous antique furniture used by the Romans: the " Kline ", a kind of bed on which you slept with feasts and for normal meals. The upper class had in the Roman Empire furniture with silvering, gilding, tortoiseshell inlays and precious veneers such as citrus.

A special position among the furniture pieces will surely one of the cabinet. By the end of the Middle Ages he was out for the storage of clothes is not often used. Other belongings were stored on shelves or in chests, for example. Only gradually was the cabinet in all strata of the population moving into other rooms.

Types

Storage furniture

Container furniture such as the chest or cabinet is intended to keep sacred, public or personal property. The dresser has developed in the 17th century from the chest out. The secretary is a piece of furniture that also serves as a writing furniture in addition to the storage of letters and documents, and often has a representative character.

Tables

At a table is drunk and eat, work, written, spoken or met. A table like the Guéridon serves as a side table primarily for decorative purposes. Special forms of the table include the panel.

Seating

The seating of the stool, the chair and bench are counted. In addition, there are countless special forms, such as chair, armchair or sofa.

As seating (French ameublement ) an ensemble of related seating (eg sofa with several armchairs and chairs ) designated.

Production

Furniture are manufactured primarily industrially, whether in wood, metal, plastic or cardboard.

Conventionally, furniture are built as individual pieces of carpenters, cabinet makers and carvers.

Styles

Norms and standards for design and safety

• EN 527 Office furniture - Work tables and desks
• EN 581 Outdoor furniture - Seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use
• EN 1730 Furniture - Tables - Test methods for the determination of stability, strength and durability
• EN 13150 Work Tables for laboratories - Dimensions, safety requirements and test methods
• BS 4875 Strength and stability of furniture. Domestic and contract storage furniture ( British Standard )
• EN 1335 Office furniture - Office work chair
• EN 1728 furniture - Seating - Test methods for determining the strength and durability
• ANSI / BIFMA X 5.1 Office Seating
• EN 1335 Office furniture - Office work chair
• DIN 4551 Office furniture; Office swivel chair with adjustable backrest, with or without armrests, height adjustable
• NEN 1812 standard common in the Netherlands