Fuzûlî

Muhammad ibn Sulaimān Fuzuli ( محمد بن سليمان فضولى, DMG Muḥammad b Sulaimān Fuzuli, also. Fuzuli, Fusuli, Fizuli; ​​* in 1480 in Iraq, † 1556 in Karbala ) was a poet in Iraq, his works in three languages wrote: Azerbaijani ( his mother tongue ), Persian and Arabic. He is considered one of the most outstanding poets of classical Azerbaijani- Turkish literature and is of the Alevis as one of the seven great poets (tr: Yedi Ulu Ozan ) viewed.

Life

Little is known except what is recorded in his works About Fuzūlīs life. As the birthplace of the cities of Karbala, Hilla, Baghdad, Najaf, Kirkuk, Manzil or hit be specified. He belonged to the sedentary Turkmen Oghusenstamm Bayat.

He came from an educated Shiite family and enjoyed a comprehensive education. He received the title Molla and Mawlana what his level of education made ​​clear. Fuzuli said the high-level language of his region, he focused on science and mysticism. His life was - as far as this can be assessed - unhappy. During his youth, Iraq was ruled by the Turkmen Aq Qoyunlu. 1508 conquered the first Safawidenherrscher Shah Ismail Baghdad and overthrew the Aq Qoyunlu. Fuzuli enjoyed as already known writer protecting the Safavids. 1534 the Ottomans conquered by Sultan Suleiman I to Iraq. In this campaign is to Fuzuli with the famous Ottoman poet laureate hayali ( 1500? -1557 ) Be met. Fuzuli devoted as before Shah Ismail now the new rulers poems. In addition to the Sultan, he also wrote to the reigning governors of Baghdad poems. Although he wrote from distant places such as Anatolia, India and Tabriz and this also anxious to visit, he remained all his life in Iraq. He died during a plague epidemic around 1556 and was buried in Karbala. The rayon (district) in the south of Azerbaijan Fizuli on the Iranian border was named after him.

Literary creation

Muhammad chose the pseudonym Fuzuli, which also means both " inappropriate" as the plural of Fadl, " of great value ". Fuzuli is one of the most important Turkish-language poets of his time, he also wrote prose in Arabic and Persian, but which he could not compete with other Persian-speaking poets. In addition to praise religious and political authorities act his verses of unfulfilled love. This form of love poetry is also known as ghazal

Typical of the seal Fuzūlīs are double verses like this:

Vər sən sən isən, nəyəm məni - zar?

And you're you, I 'm craving?

His most famous work to date is Leylâ ve Majnun, a version of Layla and Majnun. A German translation of Fuzūlīs works are not currently available. Adaptations found in Hans Bethge " The Turkish Songbook " ( adaptations of Turkish poetry).

Works

Fuzuli wrote about 15 works. Assigning additional four plants is doubtful.

On Azerbaijani

• Divan
• Beng ü bath ( بنگ و باده / hashish and wine '), dedicated to Shah Ismail
• Hadîkat üs - Süedâ ( حديقهت السعداء /, The Garden of needs ')
• Dastan -ı Leyli Majnun vü ( داستان ليلى و مجنون /, The Epic of Leylâ and Majnun ')
• Şikâyetnâme ( شکایتنامه /, the complaint ' ), a letter of complaint to the Ottoman Sultan

In Persian

• Divan
• Anis ol - qalb ( انيس القلب /, The friend of the heart ')
• Detention Jam ( هفت جام / The Seven cups ')
• Rend va Zahed ( رند و زاهد /, hedonist and ascetic ')
• Sehhat o Ma'ruz ( صحت و معروض /, health and disease ')

In Persian and Azerbaijani

• RESALE e Muammeyât ( رسال معميات /, A Treatise on puzzles ')

In Arabic

• Divan
• Matla ' ul- i'tiqad ( مطلع الاعتقاد /, The Birth of Faith ')