Gammaridea
Atylus falcatus ( Dexaminidae ) from the North Sea
The Gammaridea are a suborder of amphipods. Provide you with about 4000 species, the second largest group of well-known around 9500 amphipod species represents the most freshwater species, including the native freshwater shrimp from the family of Gammaridae and in North America widespread Mexican shrimp from the family of Hyalellidae, but no longer belong to this group. These were pooled together with some other families of Gammaridea and all species that had previously been assigned to the sub-orders Corophiidea and Caprellidea in the in 2013 newly built subordination Senticaudata.
Dissemination
The Gammaridea are distributed worldwide. Most families live in the sea, from the Arctic and the Antarctic to equatorial latitudes in. For the most part they are bottom dwellers, but some are also found in the zooplankton. You come to the shores of the beaches up to its Mediolythoral ago, many new species have been discovered, however, even in the deep sea.
Nutrition
The Gammaridea feed largely on detritus, ie from plant and animal residues that sink to the bottom. But there are also predatory forms in zooplankton, which feed on salps and copepods. Others have sucking mouthparts with which they live halbparasitisch or as commensals with salps. These include the families Stenothoidae, Leucothoidae and Dexaminidae.
Way of life
The types of Ampeliscidae family build tubular caves with the help of secretory glands, which clog the solid building material. The glands are located on the first two pairs of their pereiopods or as cuticular glands on the body surface. They use their specially designed antennas for filtering.
The types of Phoxocephalidae and Haustoriidae use their limbs for digging in the sediment. Some digest while the detritus mud and recycle the organic material therein.
Families
The systematics of Gammaridea is often subject to revisions. Specifically, the grouping and summary of the families varies in superfamilies.
As of April 1, 2014
- Not in superfamilies combined families: Acanthonotozomatidae Stebbing, 1906
- Acanthonotozomellidae Coleman & Barnard, 1991
- Alicellidae Lowry & De Broyer, 2008
- Amathillopsidae Pirlot, 1934
- Ampeliscidae Krøyer, 1842
- Argissidae Walker, 1904
- Astyridae Pirlot, 1934
- Atylidae Lilljeborg, 1865
- Bateidae Stebbing, 1906
- Bolttsiidae Barnard & Karaman, 1987
- Cheidae Thurston, 1982
- Cheluridae Allman, 1847
- Colomastigidae Stebbing, 1899
- Condukiidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982
- Cressidae Stebbing, 1899
- Cyproideidae J. L. Barnard, 1974
- Dexaminidae Leach, 1814
- Bellan - Santini & Didymocheliidae Ledoyer, 1987
- Dikwidae Coleman & Barnard, 1991
- Exoedicerotidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982
- Haustoriidae Stebbing, 1906
- Hyperiopsidae Bovallius, 1886
- Ipanemidae Barnard & Thomas, 1988
- Lafystiidae Sars, 1893
- Laphystiopsidae Stebbing, 1899
- Lepechinellidae Schellenberg, 1926
- Leucothoidae Dana, 1852
- Maxillipiidae Ledoyer, 1973
- Megaluropidae Thomas & Barnard, 1986
- Melphidippidae Stebbing, 1899
- Miramarassidae Lowry, 2006
- Nihotungidae J. L. Barnard, 1972
- Ochlesidae Stebbing, 1910
- Oedicerotidae Lilljeborg, 1865
- Pagetinidae K. H. Barnard, 1931
- Paracalliopiidae Barnard & Karaman, 1982
- Phoxocephalidae Sars, 1891
- Phoxocephalopsidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982
- Platyischnopidae Barnard & Drummond, 1979
- Pleustidae Buchholz, 1874
- Podosiridae Lowry & Myers, 2012
- Pseudamphilochidae Schellenberg, 1931
- Sebidae Walker, 1908
- Just Sicafodiidae, 2004
- Stegocephalidae Dana, 1855
- Stilipedidae Holmes, 1908
- Synopiidae Dana, 1853
- Thurstonellidae Lowry & Zeidler, 2008
- Urohaustoriidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982
- Urothoidae Bousfield, 1978
- Valettiidae Stebbing, 1888
- Valettiopsidae Lowry & De Broyer, 2008
- Just Vicmusiidae, 1990
- Vitjazianidae Birstein & M. Vinogradov, 1955
- Zobrachoidae Barnard & Drummond, 1982
About families have already been built for some families:
- Superfamily Eusiroidea Bousfield, 1979 Eusiridae Stebbing, 1888
- Liljeborgiidae Stebbing, 1899
- Acidostomatidae Stoddart & Lowry, 2012
- Amaryllididae Lowry & Stoddart, 2002
- Aristiidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997
- Cebocaridae Lowry & Stoddart, 2011
- Cyclocaridae Lowry & Stoddart, 2011
- Cyphocarididae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997
- Endevouridae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997
- Eurytheneidae Stoddart & Lowry, 2004
- Hirondelleidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2010
- Izinkalidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2010
- Kergueleniidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2010
- Lepidepecreellidae Stoddart & Lowry, 2010
- Lysianassidae Dana, 1849
- Opisidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1995
- Pachynidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2012
- Podoprionidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1996
- Scopelocheiridae Lowry & Stoddart, 1997
- Sophrosynidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2010
- Thoriellidae Lowry & Stoddart, 2011
- Trischizostomatidae Lilljeborg, 1865
- Uristidae Hurley, 1963
- Wandinidae Lowry & Stoddart, 1990
- Incertae sedis Lysianassoidea
- Pontoporeiidae Dana, 1853
- Priscillinidae d' Udekem d' Acoz, 2006