Gleichen
P1
Three matches in 1900, (left to right :) waxes, Burg Gleichen, Mühlburg. Camera position was the Rhön mountain
Three of a kind is the name of a medieval castle in Thuringia ensemble as well as for the mountain ensemble, on which stand the castles. The mountains stretch from 9 km southeast of Gotha ( district of Gotha ) to 5 kilometers northwest of Arnstadt ( Ilm -Kreis). They are separated by the south near the same springing, right Apfelstädt inflow Weidbach into two ridges.
In the northwestern Teilhöhenzug is on 369.6 m above sea level. NHN, the castle match at migrant life in the southeastern Mühlburg of Miihlberg ( 376.5 m above sea level. NHN ) and the Veste Wachsenburggemeinde in Holzhausen ( 420.8 m above sea level. NHN ). Each of the three castles surrounded by a nature reserve.
The castle ensemble is recognized by the Highway 4 between Erfurt and Gotha well in its expansion.
- 6.1 The three- shock
Location and landscape
The three matches are at the mouth of the triangle Apfelstädt ( in the north) in the Gera ( in the east). To the left of the mountain region bisecting Weidbachs is the castle peers in the district of Gotha, the right of the dividing stream are in the same district and the Mühlburg in Ilm-Kreis, the Wachsenburggemeinde.
Northwest of the Apfelstädt extend the seamounts up (up to 409.2 m), further to the northwest and beyond the savage trench of Krahnberg (up to 431.3 m).
All of these mountain ranges are in the range of looking from Hainich from southeast Eichenberg -Gotha - Saalfeld fault zone, which runs parallel to the crest of the Thuringian Forest. Together they form the eastern edge of the biogeographic main unit West Thuringian mountains and hills, framing it as a southwestern side of the basin popular Thuringian Basin, whose core pool followed immediately northeast.
Mountains
The following mountains are spread over the two sub - mountain ranges ( in parentheses, the position and the height above mean sea level ):
- Northwestern ridge (NSG Röhrberg ) Kaffberg ( 399.1 m) Röhnberg ( 383.1 m west-northwest of Kaffbergs )
- Wachsenburggemeinde ( 420.8 m, NSG Wachsenburggemeinde )
- Red Mountain ( 361.5 m, north-northwest of Wachsenburggemeinde in their NSG)
- Schloßleite ( 400.4 m west-northwest of Wachsenburggemeinde, NSG Schloßleite ) Mühlburg ( 376.5 m northwest of the main summit Schloßleite )
- Weinberg ( 337.7 m)
- Mountain goats ( 332.6 m)
- Rear mountain ( 328.9 m)
- Längel ( 320.6 m)
Burg Gleichen, Wachsenburggemeinde and Red Mountain are typical Härtlingskegel dar. On the other hand, the Kaffberg plus Röhnberg a slightly more elongated, less steep slope and the Schloßleite plus Mühlburg finally represents a ridge-like shell - back with applied Härtlingen, by a ditch from which southwest subsequent shell limestone plateau of the Ohrdrufer disk is disconnected.
History
The castles were built between the 8th and 11th century, never had the same owner and are also externally unequal. According to legend, the term Drei Gleichen after the castles as three equal torches should have burned emerged after the impact of a ball lightning on May 31, 1231. This event is the basis for the "three strike", a fireworks display, which was conducted in the years 2002, 2003 and 2011.
While the Mühlburg and the castle peers are only well-preserved ruins that Wachsenburggemeinde is now used as hotel and restaurant.
A hundred years ago was on the spot where now the highway between the Mühlburg and the castle runs peers, a large lake. The trail, which connects the three castles, is named after the writer Gustav Freytag.
On 11 October 2012, the German Post has a 55 - cent stamp with the theme " Drei Gleichen " published.
Conservation area and nature reserves
The area of the three matches were in 1960 expelled because of its scenic beauty as a nature reserve with an area of 857 hectares. Today, it is approximately 1,700 acres, with 1,200 acres belong to the district of Gotha. The created around the three main castles protected areas Röhnberg, Schloßleite and Wachsenburggemeinde among the four lying in the nature reserve nature reserves. Because of its special importance for species and habitat protection, the area of the Drei Gleichen by the Free State of Thuringia for the pan-European system of protected areas Natura 2000 has been reported.
The area is also reported as Habitat Area No. 062 with an area of 888 hectares.
Röhnberg
In 1997, in the district of Gotha, mostly applied to the district migrant life, the NSG Röhnberg around the northwestern part - ridge of the Drei Gleichen, which also equals the castle belongs; west borders directly on the Wechmarer reservoir. The 222.7 -acre area was placed under protection in 1996. It includes the ridge of the Röhn, chaff and Kalle mountain and the castle peers. The landscape is dominated by semi-natural oak and oak - mixed dry forests, dry and semi-dry grass, dry thickets and orchards, old quarries and vegetation-free outcrops ( " Badlands "). In the area are home to many protected and endangered animal and plant species that are rarely found in Thuringia. These include the stag beetle and the blue -winged grasshopper, the owl and the Adonis spring florets.
Castle Leite
1997 was also Gotha district, the area of the wooded ridge of Castle Leite with the ruin Mühlburg and the former peat cutting in the Miihlberger Valley were also within the boundaries of the municipality Miihlberg, provided as a nature reserve with 120.3 ha ha under protection. A special attraction in the spring are the almost the entire forest floor covering Märzenbecher ( Spring snowflake ). In addition to living in the NSG Röhnberg animals are of particularly high importance the water-filled peat with their typical wetland flora. Home to rare and endangered birds, insects, fish, amphibians and reptiles.
Wachsenburggemeinde
Also in 1997, the eponymous nature reserve was secured with 80.5 hectares in the field Holzhausen in Ilmkreis around the steep and rugged slopes of Wachsenburggemeinde Hill, which includes the Rotenberg. Here can be found in the characteristic forests, semi-dry and dry grasslands, heat-loving shrubs and field weed corridors, many representatives of diverse, legitimate flora and fauna. Particularly noteworthy are: Blue -winged grasshopper, smooth snake and Lorraine flax and the fence lizard.
Apple townspeople Ried
On the left bank of the Weidbachaue immediately southwest brawn bridging lies in 1996 reported 18.5 acre apple townspeople Ried at an altitude of some 250 meters above sea level. NHN in the north of the territory of three of a kind, in the extreme east of the district of Gotha, and in the extreme south of the community Apfelstädt.
Geology
The Drei Gleichen area is the type region of the Arnstadt Formation, a lithostratigraphic unit of the Middle Keuper in the Earth's history.
( See also the nearby seamounts ) on the southern slopes, especially at the castle peers and the Wachsenburggemeinde, forms the middle Keuper with its colorful clayey marls visible from afar, deep erosion furrows of peculiar charm. These large-scale and free of vegetation outcrops are typical for the area. On some hilltops still superimposed on the solid sandstone of the Upper Keuper ( Rhaetian ), who also served as a building material for the castle. Limestone forms the north slope of Schloßleite a 1.5 km long and 130 m wide band. Characteristic of the region is the low precipitation. In a confined space can be found here extremely dry south-facing slopes and shady, cool north-facing slopes. The small areas of changing geological strata and subcontinental climate conditions provide a natural basis for a unique animal and plant life.
Events
The Swipe
In the years 2002, 2003 and 2011, the legend of the simultaneous fire of the castles in the year 1231, by which the castles " Drei Gleichen " got their name, was trying recreate by stocked the castles by pyrotechnic means and they lit at the same time. Based on existing problems of traffic safety on the highway 4 and the protection of the nature of this spectacle was set in 2003 and carried out only on 20 August 2011 after a long break. This Highway 4 was temporarily blocked for security reasons.