Gleicheniales

Dicranopteris linearis

The Gleicheniales are an order of ferns.

Features

The Gleicheniales have relatively little common features, however, are well characterized by molecular biological studies as a monophyletic group. The steles of roots have three to five protoxylem poles. The antheridia have six to twelve twisted or curved cells in the Antheridienwand.

Occurrence

The Gleicheniales occur throughout the tropics and partially in the subtropics.

System

The Gleicheniales are more likely at the base of leptosporangiaten ferns. You are monophyletic and the sister group of the skin ferns.

Today the Gleicheniales be divided into three families:

• Gleicheniaceae: They are characterized by forked ( pseudodichotom ) divided leaves. The rhizome has a protostele, the veins end freely, the sori are on the lower leaf surface, not on the edge, and consist of five to 15 sporangia with transverse stationary annulus and 128-800 spores. The sporangia in a sorus mature simultaneously. The gametophyte is green, has club-shaped hair and lives on the surface. The basic chromosome number is x = 22, 34, 39, 43 or 56 There are around 125 species of the following genera: Dicranopteris Bernh. , With about 10-17 species.
• Diplopterygium ( Diels ) Nakai, with about 20 species in Asia and the Western Pacific.
• DC Ella Ching, with only one kind in northern South America: DC Ella pectinata ( Willd.) Ching

• Fächerfarn ( Sticherus flabellatus ( R. Br ) H. St.John ), which occurs in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and New Caledonia.

• Stromatopteris moniliformis Mett.

• Dipteridaceae: The family is native to India, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, Malaysia's to West Polynesia (Samoa). She is monophyletic and known fossil since the upper Triassic. They have a long creeping stem. The petiole has a single vascular bundle. Leaf blades are divided into two or more dissimilar components. The sori have no indusium. The annulus of the sporangium is vertical or slightly oblique, simultaneously or successively maturing sporangia form of 64 or 128 spores. The gametophytes are a heart-shaped thallus. The basic chromosome number is x = 33 The two genera include about 6-11 ways: Cheiropleuria C. Presl, with probably only a variety which exists in East Asia: Cheiropleuria bicuspid ( flower ) C. Presl

• Matoniaceae: They are native to the Malay- Pacific and fossil known since the middle Mesozoic. The tribe has a Solenostele with at least two concentric vascular bundles cylinders. The leaf blades are branched non- dichotomous. The sori have an indusium. The sporangia ripen at the same time, have a short handle and an inclined annulus. The gametophyte is green, thallusförmig and with large, multicellular antheridia. There are two genera with two species: Matonia ex R. Br Wall. , With about two species in Malaysia's.
• Phanerosorus Copel. , With up to two species found on Borneo and New Guinea.

Fossil are the Gleicheniales known since the Jurassic. Their greatest biodiversity they reached the Mesozoic Era.