Globulin
Globulins are storage proteins of plants and proteins of the blood plasma of the animals. Albumin but not heard as a single blood protein to the globulins. Globulins belong to the group of globular proteins. Hauptbildungsort globulins is the liver. In blood plasma, they account for about 40 % of the total proteins, their mass is between 36 kDa and 1.3 MDa. At 60 ° C clump globulins, also they are denatured by precipitant. Mined they are of enzymes and by hydrolysis.
Globulins are insoluble in water and proteins, which can be diluted with neutral salt solutions, such as ammonium sulfate solution solved. They have numerous functions, including as enzymes in the pH - regulation, as energy suppliers, transporters and in hemostasis. Their main task is, however, seen in the natural and acquired immunity against foreign bodies. The immunologically active globulins are referred to as immunoglobulins, their synthesis occurs in plasma cells.
According to their electrophoretic mobility, they are divided into four groups:
- α1 - globulins Corticosteroid ( steroid transport)
- Transcobalamin (vitamin B12 - binding)
- Thyroxine binding globulin
- Bilirubin transporter
- Prothrombin ( proenzyme thrombin )
- Gc- globulin (vitamin D- binding)
- α1 -antitrypsin
- α2 - globulins Haptoglobin: hemoglobin binding
- Ceruloplasmin: transport of copper ions
- Plasminogen
- β - globulins Lipid -transporting beta - lipoproteins: lipid transport
- Transferrin iron transport
- Fibrinogen: a precursor of fibrin
- Hemopexin: Häminbindung and transport
- C-Reactive Protein: Acute phase proteins
- γ - globulins Immunoglobulins (antibodies ) (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)