Glyceria fluitans

Ender flood plumes ( Glyceria fluitans )

The flood end swaths ( Glyceria fluitans ) is a plant of the family Gramineae ( Poaceae ). Other common names are manna swaths, ducks grass and Grütz - swaths. It is distributed throughout Europe.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The flood plume end is perennial and reaches stature heights of 30 to 100, rarely up to 150 centimeters. It forms loose clumps, in shallow water, however, lawn, the spurs are long and underground. The renewal shoots grow up outside of the lowest leaf sheaths. The often prostrate or arching, ascending, smooth, bare and flattened stalks can be rooted to the bottom nodes ( more nodes ).

The leaves are alternate. The smooth, leafless sheaths are to shut up and laterally compressed. The ligule ( ligule ) is a membranous fringe of 5 to 15 mm length and thus are longer than the leaves wide. The green to gray - green rare, bare leaf blades are oberseits ribbed, 8-24 cm long, 3-10 mm wide and rough around the edges.

Generative features

The Rispige inflorescence is 10 to 30 (rarely to 50) cm long, usually einseitswendig and slightly nodding. The side branches go to one or two, rarely up to four of the main axis from, are unequal in length and each carry one to four spikelets; they are often contracted and spread only in the heyday .. The bright green, more or less einseitswendigen spikelets contain 8 to 16 flowers, 12 to 32 mm long, 2 to 3.5 mm wide and rounded on the back. There are no awns present. The flowers fall when ripe individually from the glumes are lasting. The shelter unequal glumes are shorter than the spikelets. Both glumes are one to three annoying elongated elliptical, zarthäutig and bare. Lower glume is 2 to 3 mm long, the upper 3 to 5 mm. The lemmas are seven annoying with equally prominent nerves, 6 to 7.5 mm long, oblong elliptical of, pointed shape, rough, membranous above and whitish- transparent. The palea is two annoying, 6 to 7.5 mm long, oblong- lanceolate, notched at the top, the short teeth reach the top of the lemma or surpass this. The often purple or sometimes yellowish -violet anthers are 2-3 mm long. The flowering period extends from May to August rarely to September.

The caryopsis has an elongated elliptical outline with a length of 2 to 3 mm.

The chromosome number is 2n = 40

Ecology

When flood ends swaths is a hydrophyte and Hemikryptophyt. Its vegetative reproduction occurs by creeping rhizomes and by far the prostrate stems to bewurzelnden. The flood end swaths establish, as appropriate in the direction of flow flooding floating leaves from.

Occurrence

The flood plume end is in widespread throughout Europe, especially in the west of the continent. In North America, the end of flood plume was introduced.

In Central Europe, the flood end swaths is widespread and comes from the plains in mountainous areas before. In the Black Forest, he rises to altitudes of 1420 meters.

It grows in river reeds in standing or slow-flowing, shallow water, muddy trenches of sources, ponds, pools, on fens, wet meadows, lowland forests and forest swamps. It occurs especially on cool, sickernassen or shallow flooded, more calcium-poor, neutral to acidic soils that are often anmoorig, impermeable to water, but dehydration in summer. The flood plume end is a light to partial shade plant and one indicator plant for moisture and oxygen- poor soil.

In the phytosociological system of flood plumes is a Assoziationskennart end of the flood plume - reeds ( Sparganio - Glycerietum fluitantis ) and a Verbandskennart the Niedrigwüchsigen reedbeds ( Glycerio - Sparganion ). It also comes in societies of the source hallways before calcium deficiency locations ( Cadamino - Montion ), the reed reed beds ( Phragmition australis) and in Nutrient-rich wet meadows companies ( Calthion ).

Importance

The fruits have been previously collected for example in Brandenburg and Poland and " manna grits " or " Frankfurt groats " processed, prepared with milk or butter. They also serve as fish and poultry feed.

The flood plume end is a moderately profitable grass. It provides pretty good, little lignifying food is readily accepted. He is pasture firmly limited, but its locations are often hotbeds of liver fluke. The cyanogenic glycosides containing harmless in ensiling.

In ditches, the flood end swaths are a pesky " weeds " by adhesions.

Documents

In addition to the sources listed in the detailed records of the products based on the following documents:

• Hans Joachim Conert: Pareys grasses book. Identify and determine the grasses Germany. Blackwell, Berlin / Vienna 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6, page 84