Glycine (plant)

Glycine soja

Glycine is a plant genus in the family Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The genus name is derived from the Greek and means " sweet tubers ". There are about 28 species of Glycine. It is one of the genres of Faboideae whose types are called beans.

Description

Glycine species grow as creeping or climbing, rare self upright, upright perennial or annual herbaceous plants. The taproot can become woody. They are not armed with spines or thorns. The climbing species squirm up counterclockwise. The alternate and spirally or two lines on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are stalked, herbaceous or leathery, and usually pinnate. There are usually three 1.5 to 7.5 cm long leaflets available, the leaves are thus three parts. The flat leaflets are entire. The two resistant or early falling stipules are among themselves freely and not adherent to the petiole; they can be designed very differently, sometimes they are just like scales.

The flowers are in stalked, terminal or usually pendent, racemose or composite doldenartig tufted inflorescences. There are bracts present. Most are small, keeled bracts at the base of the sepals and form a side cup.

The stalked or sessile, small, hermaphroditic flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig. The five unequal sepals are fused with two cup lips, with the calyx lips are most as long as the calyx tube. The upper calyx lip consists of two to grow together as their half the length of calyx lobes; the lower calyx lip consists of three egg-shaped or triangular calyx lobes. The corollas possess the typical structure of the butterfly flower. There are five nailed, ungehaarte petals present, four of which are grown together. The colors of the petals are white or rich from purple to blue. The normally developed flag is not spurred or auriculate and has no appendages. The boat is normally developed. The ungespornten wings are fused with the boat. The ten fertile stamens are not fused with the petals and it change significantly longer with shorter off. The stamens are fused into a tube, with increasing age, one of the tube is free. There are nectar glands on the discus available. The individual upper permanent carpels contain only two to ten ovules. The short, slightly curved stylus is hairy but not bearded or glabrous, ending in a capitate stigma.

Are formed very shortly stalked legumes. In a few species, the legumes are in the ground, similar to the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ). The maximum short -stalked legumes are 10 to 30 mm long, but different hairy not prickly, straight to curved, septate between the seeds and constricted depending on the type externally visible more or less. The underground fruits generally contain only one seed, the ripening of the fruits contain only air usually two to four, often five seeds. The small seeds have a small hilum and a scale-like aril. The hard seed coat is hairless and monochrome. The distribution unit ( diaspore ) is the seed.

Use

Actually, only the cultivar soybean ( Glycine max) is cultivated in many varieties as an important crop.

Since they fix nitrogen ( Rhizobium root nodules ) they are important for soil improvement.

Systematics and distribution

The distribution area includes mainly Australia (24 to 26 species ); only a few species occur in eastern Asia.

The genus Glycine belongs to the subtribe Glycininae the tribe Phaseoleae in the subfamily Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). The publication of the genus Glycine was made in 1798 by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in botanical observations, page 54 The name of Glycine L. published in Sp Pl, 753 is not valid. Synonyms for Glycine Willd. are: Chrystolia Montrouz, Leptocyamus Benth, Benth Leptolobium, soy Moench. .. .

The genus Glycine is by G. Lewis, et al, eds: .. Legumes of the world. ( Leg World ), 2005, 421 divided into two sub- genera (10 to ) about 28 Glycine species:

  • Subgenus Glycine: With 26 kinds: Glycine albicans Tindale & Craven; it occurs in Western Australia
  • Glycine aphyonota B.E.Pfeil; it occurs in Western Australia
  • Glycine arenaria Tindale; it occurs in Australia
  • Glycine argyrea Tindale
  • Glycine canescens F.J.Herm. ( Syn: Glycine sericea ( F.Muell ) Benth.. )
  • Glycine clandestina J.C.Wendl.
  • Glycine curvata Tindale
  • Glycine cyrtoloba Tindale
  • Glycine dolichocarpa Tateishi & H.Ohashi
  • Glycine falcata Benth.
  • Glycine gracei B.E.Pfeil & Craven
  • Glycine hirticaulis Tindale & Craven
  • Glycine lactovirens Tindale & Craven
  • Glycine latifolia ( Benth. ) C.A.Newell & Hymowitz
  • Glycine latrobeana ( Meisn. ) Benth.
  • Glycine microphylla ( Benth. ) Tindale
  • Glycine montis - douglas B.E.Pfeil & Craven
  • Glycine peratosa B.E.Pfeil & Tindale
  • Glycine pescadrensis Hayata
  • Glycine pindanica Tindale & Craven
  • Glycine pullenii B.E.Pfeil et al.
  • Glycine rubiginosa Tindale & B.E.Pfeil
  • Glycine stenophita B.E.Pfeil & Tindale
  • Glycine syndetika B.E.Pfeil & Craven
  • Glycine tabacina ( Labill. ) Benth. ( Syn: Glycine koidzumii Ohwi, Kennedia tabacina Labill. )
  • Glycine tomentella Hayata ( Syn: Glycine tomentosa ( Benth. ) Benth, Leptolobium tomentosum Benth.. )
  • Subgenus Soja ( Moench ) FJHerm. Using two ways: Soybean ( Glycine max ( L.) Merr. ): It is known only from culture whose wild form Glycine soja probably sieve. & Zucc. is.
  • Glycine soja sieve. & Zucc.

No longer belongs in this genus:

  • Glycine comosa L. ⇒ Amphicarpaea bracteata var comosa (L.) CFReed
  • Glycine mollissima Elliott ⇒ Rhynchosia tomentosa var mollissima ( Elliott ) Torr. & A. Gray
  • Glycine monophylla L. ⇒ Psoralea monophylla (L.) CHStirt.
  • Glycine suaveolens L. f ⇒ Rhynchosia suaveolens ( L. f ) DC.

Note

This genus is not to be confused with glycines, wisteria, wisteria, wisteria, wisteria is its botanical name Wisteria.

Rosids testa (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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