Golmberg

The location of the Golmberges in Flaming

The 178 -meter-high Golmberg is the highest elevation of the Low Flämings. It is located in the district of the district Stülpe (municipality Nuthe- glacial valley, Land Brandenburg) on a former Soviet military base and is now part of the nature reserve Heidehof Golmberg.

Geographic overview and Geology

The Golmberg belongs to a small range of hills with seven peaks, which are also collectively referred to as Golmberge. This designation carries the highest of these peaks, the Golmberg, to distinguish the name Big Kirchberg. It limits the lowland landscape of meadows Flemming in Glogau - Baruth glacial valley south of the village and the town of Baruth Stülpe. The height difference to the level of the glacial valley is at a distance of 1 kilometer around 120 meters. It is thus one of the most energy- relief areas in Brandenburg. Some treeless hilltops opens a further view to the north - especially in clear weather to Berlin and Potsdam (more than 60 km ).

The Golmberggebiet is now interpreted as part of the Werbig - Petkuser - season as the terminal moraine from the Saale glaciation. Since current geological drilling due to the military history hardly present, it is assumed in analogy to neighboring areas that the material from which the Golmberg is, compressed by the intense pressure of the ice sheet ( disturbed) was. The Golmberggebiet itself consists mostly of sands and subordinate marl. As part of the Altmoränenlandschaft can be found on numerous Golmberg ventifacts that emerged during the recent Weichseleiszeit, when the area was indeed free of ice, but it was hardly covered due to the cold climate with plants. Only 1.5 to 2 kilometers north of the Golmberges the Weichselian ice sheet reached its maximum expansion to the south. The Baruth glacial valley already belongs to the young moraine.

Nature reserve Heidehof Golmberg

Due to the former use as a military training area of the Red Army the nature reserve Heidehof Golmberg is characterized by large open and succession areas, which are supplemented by used for forestry areas, particularly in Golmbereich. Together with the neighboring NSG Forst Zinna Jiiterbog Wedge Mountain is one of the entire area immediately north of the Golmberges, which is already part of Baruth glacial valley, one of the most representative shifting sand dunes and inland areas in Germany.

According to the soil conditions prevail on the comprehensive and unsettled around 12,000 hectares of protected area before undemanding sand heaths, composed mainly of the silver grass ( Corynephorus canescens ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and various broom ( Genista ). Characteristic of the pioneer crops are birches and pines, and insist on the hill, remains richly textured oak and beech forests.

The barren ground is home to specialized than typical ground beetles and grasshoppers fauna and rare insect and spider species. In the older stands of oak, there is the endangered great capricorn beetle or giant block ( Cerambyx cerdo ), the forestry had been classified as a pest long. The impressive longhorn beetle, which the male can reach a length of ten centimeters bent backwards sensor is strictly protected today under the Habitats Directive of the EU. Even the impressive and rare stag beetle (Lucanus cervus ) lives in Golm oak forest. Various raptors and 14 species of bats are native to the area.

History

Origin of the name

The town or corridor designation Golm emerged in East Germany on several occasions and is derived from the Slavic word for mountain or hill. The root of the word is certainly even older (see Kulm (geography) ).

St. Mary's Chapel and Golmbergschatz

In the Slavic term is on the top of a Wendish sanctuary have been in the form of a column, which gave the place Stülpe supposedly the name, as post column means in Slavic stumbled. According to current knowledge, this assignment can not be maintained, however, because the eponymous post stood on a now silted lake, which lay to the north of the village and first recorded in 1221. Since 2005, the peak of Golmberges crowned by a pilgrimage cross that commemorates the earlier pilgrimage to a Marian chapel of the monastery of Zinna ( between Luckenwalde and Jiiterbog on the B 101 located ). The Chapel of the Cistercians from the period around 1435 was completely removed after the Reformation, her two Gothic winged altars came into the church of the nearby Stülpe and can be viewed there.

With the obtained Stülper castle dating from 1754 and its owner Adam Ernst von Rochow from the Brandenburg Uradelsfamilie von Rochow from the Zauche the mountain legend is related that he had financed the palace with the raising of Golmbergschatzes. This treasure allegedly buried the monastery monks on the mountain - it is certain that the monks from the pilgrimages to their mountain chapel suggested substantial profits and guarantees also that his predecessor as Lord in Stülpe, Friedrich Wilhelm von Rochow, of a treasure hunter with a divining made a search of devices and all sorts of mumbo jumbo for the treasure.

Robbery in the Golmheide

Even in the 16th century played ecclesiastical sources of income, in this case in the form of indulgences and his protagonist Tetzel, on Golmberg a historical role. In this incident was Hans von Hake (1472-1541) involved from the family of Hake, which should reside in Kleinmachnow later and preceded the Rochows in Stülpe. Theodor Fontane described this incident in the walks through the Mark Brandenburg:

" This Hake of Stülpe it was that the indulgences Tetzel came over on the Golmheide between Jiiterbogk and Trebbin and to have " bought under the scornful provision the indulgences for yet to perpetrator of sins yesterday from him him " all the ready money decreased and the box rolled downhill in the snow. "Even the founder of historical realism in German literature and previous Fontane as writer Mark Brandenburg, Willibald Alexis, dedicated to the incident in the novel werewolf from 1847 a section.

Current Situation

Today, a modern mast for telecommunications shapes the image of the mountain summit, near which also an old monitoring system and bunker remnants from the communist era are. By post marked areas and paths to guide the wanderer through the former military area. However, the use of the so-called own risk occurs because it is possible that still remains even live ammunition have remained, for example, on the mountain slopes.

Tourist use

Situated close to the round course one of the Fleming - skate between Stülpe and Settled, the Golmberg takes you on a walk through his part with oak mixed forest -lined " mountain landscape " one. It is worth mentioning that even yet at times ( GDR and reunification ) were held membership of Golmbergs the military training area of the Soviet Army until 1994 and the related complete blocking of the site for civilians by Did walks out once a year locals around the mountain to the summit. Regular stations were also present the sermon stone, the wolf pit and the Golmquelle.