Gösgen Nuclear Power Plant
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Active reactors ( gross ):
The Swiss Gösgen located on the territory of the municipality Däniken the Aare. Operator is the Gösgen - Däniken AG. The company started in November 1979 on the commercial operation.
Plant
The CSC is the first nuclear power plant of 1,000 megawatt class in Switzerland. The gross power rating was increased from an initial 970 megawatts twice through expansion projects (1992 to 990 megawatts in 1996 to today's value ) and amounted to 2009 MW in 1020. Due to efficiency -enhancing measures such as optimized blades at the high-pressure turbine, an improved water separation after the high pressure turbine, and new cooling tower installations with better cooling effect, the electric power could be increased to 1035 megawatt, without altering the nuclear power.
The heart of the power plant is a pressurized water reactor of the then German Kraftwerk Union (now Areva NP) with 3002 megawatts of thermal power. In the reactor core, there are 177 fuel assemblies, each with 205 fuel rods of enriched uranium dioxide with fissile uranium -235 or MOX fuel (uranium -plutonium mixed oxide fuel ) made with a proportion of fissile plutonium.
The cooling is unlike Beznau I, II and Muhlenberg not directly related to river water, but over a 150 -meter-high natural draft wet cooling tower, so that the Aare is less strongly affected by the waste heat from the power plant.
The annual production in Gösgen is about 8 billion kWh, representing about 15 percent of Swiss electricity demand. The cost of generating a kilowatt hour in 1980 amounted to 6.30 cents. This could be reduced thanks to various modernization projects in 2001 to 4.07 cents.
In Gösgen almost 500 people are employed. Owner of the power plant are the Alpiq Holding with 40 percent who Nordostschweizerischen power plants with 25 percent, the Central Swiss power plants with 12.5 percent, Zurich ( EWZ ) city with 15 percent and the city of Bern ( EWB) with 7.5 percent. For management, the Alpiq is responsible.
History and commissioning
Aare-Tessin AG (Atel, Alpiq today's name at that time ) in the late 1950s, bought a piece of land at the present site. 1969 is the Atel through the media, the establishment of a consortium known studies, which wants to build a nuclear power plant near Gösgen. The location of the Canton of Solothurn is also involved as a co-owner of Atel. Of her official duties, the cantonal government has two seats on the board. 1969 is one of them later SP- Federal Willi Ritschard.
Resistance is conferred on the project shortly after this first public announcement. The municipal council of the neighboring community Schönenwerd turns - startled by a letter from a citizen and former nuclear engineer - at the Solothurn government and provides this address nuclear safety issues. This refers to the federal government, the municipality competent in their opinion. The responsible Federal Roger Bonvin short answer, the federal government is under federal law of 1959 obliged to take all measures for protection against ionizing radiation. The experts of the Federal bedürften in addition, no update their knowledge about the dangers in this area.
1970 extends the Atel the federal government a request for the location permit a. Except Schönenwerd all communities in favor of the location. It, however, concerns about the then proposed river water cooling may be introduced which would have warmed the Aare considerably. Opponents of the project believe themselves to be winners, as the federal government in the same year prohibits the river water cooling.
Published in 1972, Atel a report with a photo montage showing a 150 -meter high cooling tower at the planned site. Politicians of the region are invited by the Atel study trips to the Ruhr. In reply to an interpellation of a worried parliamentarian Solothurn government writes in October 1972 that the construction of a cooling tower with the naturalness and integrity of the area is hardly compatible. However, the traveling bear fruit. The Government claims, also found that modern cooling towers in no way be inelegant and not had disruptive to the sense of beauty.
Even so-called in the communities Däniken and Gretzenbach zone plan changes must be made before construction begins. As the village of Obergösgen closer to the location is than these two communities, the council raises objection to the rezoning. This objection, however, at the end of November 1972, withdrawn for no apparent reason. Months later a council protocol reaches the public, which shows that the council and especially the mayor were set by the company Atel under massive pressure.
In November 1972, the planning application is on public. There are numerous complaints made by individuals and groups, which are all rejected. On 12 January 1973, a building permit is issued. Although some opponents appeal, however, and the method is therefore not yet been finally concluded, driving in June 1973 the first heavy equipment on the grounds.
The Federal Council is of the opinion that it is not the federal government wanted to build, but the Canton of Solothurn and Atel. The federal government would only agree by law. He had no political voice option. The authorities would have to approve the project, provided it satisfies the safety conditions.
Nuclear power plant opponents / inside then try to settle with a cantonal initiative the State Council. Since the competent Willi Ritschard is chosen at this time to the Federal Council, this counter movement is losing steam. The then OPEC oil embargo and the oil crisis caused thereby weakens the opponent's nuclear power plant. A campaign by the Swiss Association for Atomic Energy (SVA ) claims that the nuclear power plants the cleanest and most environmentally friendly way are to produce electrical energy. It was safe, clean, essential and inexhaustible. The expected tax yields do many people in the region in favor of nuclear energy. Many people fear for their jobs and no longer dare to express their views publicly.
Nonpartisan 1975, the movement against nuclear power plants Solothurn ( Uêba ) is founded. They launched the initiative to safeguard the people's rights and safety during construction and operation of nuclear facilities and the National Petition for a four-year freeze all nuclear power plants in Switzerland.
End of May 1977 will be held the first protest march, the so-called Pentecostal march. Around 10,000 people migrate to Gösgener NPP site. The following week the Swiss Action Committee against the NPP Gösgen (SAG ) is established, which is to coordinate the occupation of the NPP. On June 25, 1977 nearly 3,000 opponents / inside of Olten Gösgen march to occupy the access roads to the construction site. Around 1,000 police officers from all over Switzerland to move and stop the demonstrators with tear gas. Even two weeks later fails a test cast of about 6,000 people, with the police in addition to tear gas this time also | using [ [ rubber bullet rubber shot ] ] and water cannons. On 28 September 1978 five activists convicted of fines.
The end of September 1978, the power plant built ready. The department in charge of the covenant, which the above-mentioned Willi Ritschard serves, granted the commissioning permit. Appeals against it are unsuccessful. On October 30, 1979, the NPP shall, after a trial period of commercial operation. In May 1981, the Federal Council rejects all outstanding appeals and overburdened the opponent the costs of CHF 17,296.
Opponents, however, have the authorities wrested from the requirement until 1985 to submit a project that offers guarantees for the safe management and disposal. Federal Ritschard holds unequivocally that the power plant would otherwise be turned off. Ritschard died 1983. Through a series of legal wrangling, the condition in 1985 is bypassed. The nuclear power plant remains in operation and gets the same year even the permit for a power increase. A repository for radioactive waste does not yet exist in 2010.
Incidents
On September 15, 2002, two suspects were detained because they had switched a plan of the nuclear power plant Gösgen on your computer without being able to explain this plausible at Basel inch - it could not be reconciled with their alleged itinerary. "This is not about terrorists, but rather precursors. " said the federal police, according to " Schaffhauser Nachrichten " and let the two men again.
When an incident in 2007 involved a damage to a cladding of a fuel rod, through which there was a slight leaching of fuel.
On the evening of June 30, 2012, it came against 18:30 clock by a defect in a diode to a reactor scram. It was " seen and heard " blow off steam, which was not radioactive. After the repairs, the reactor was started up again and resumed the production of electricity on July 1, 2012 to 4:45 clock again. ENSI a classified the incident at level 0 of the INES scale.
New Gösgen 2
On June 10, 2008 it was announced that the Swiss energy company Atel Gösgen, directly to the existing power station site a new nuclear power plant will build. The new nuclear power plant is to get the name of " nuclear power plant Niederamt ", this would be a light-water reactor of a power 1000-1600 MW el and a 60 -meter hybrid cooling tower built. The construction costs are estimated at around CHF 7 billion.
An application for a general license was filed. This is the first step in the authorization process. Next, both chambers of parliament would decide. This step is subject to the facultative referendum. Such has already announced the party and joined overarching alliance Stop atom. If adopted would have to be sought as the next step, the construction and then the operating license. Against both objection can be raised.
The region within the CSC was set so far as nuclear energy to very positive critical than about the cantonal or the total Swiss population. Now, however, the City Council of the adjoining municipality Dulliken Däniken has become even more pronounced in May 2010 unanimously against another power plant unit. The decisive factors were the bourgeois camp in advance arguments of landscape protection and impaired quality of life.
Due to the Tohoku earthquake 2011 9.0 magnitude sistierte Federal Councillor Doris Leuthard all general license applications for new nuclear power plants. So far, a seismic safety was required to magnitude 7, which were able to keep up on the power plant in Muhlenberg Bern everyone else. After the basic decision of the Federal Council of 25 May 2011, to phase out nuclear energy is not expected that the project will ever be implemented.
Data of the reactor units
The Gösgen has a block: