Grifola frondosa
Common Grifola frondosa ( Grifola frondosa )
The common Grifola frondosa ( Grifola frondosa ), also known as Laubporling, Spatelhütiger Porling and under his Japanese name Maitake (舞 茸, dt "Dancing Mushroom "), a species of fungus in the family is Riesenporlingsverwandten ( Meripilaceae ). He is particularly appreciated in Japan as an edible mushroom and is used in traditional Chinese medicine.
- 5.1 Etymology
- 5.2 Edible Mushroom
- 5.3 Medical Application
- 6.1 Literature
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fruiting bodies are in Horsten and same small, leafy, standing on the ground bushes. It can reach a diameter of 50 cm and a weight of 5-15 kg. The thick stalk of the fungus branches into many thinner branches that terminate in flattened, spatulate, one above the other donating hats and always must be fitted to this. The Hutlappen are 2-6, in extreme cases, up to 12 cm wide. You are längsrunzelig and brown - gray. On the non- blackening at lower pressure are round, white pores. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic characteristics
The basidiospores are short- ellipsoid with a smooth surface. They are 5-6 microns long and 3.5-4.5 microns wide.
Artabgrenzung
The common Grifola frondosa can be confused with the calibration Hare ( Polyporus umbellatus ). Meanwhile, hats are stalked but centrally. Also confusion with the Riesenporling ( Merilpus giganteus ) occur, blacken the pore pressure but.
Ecology
It grows mostly at the foot of old oaks (Quercus ), rare but also to Linden (Tilia ), chestnut (Castanea ), beech (Fagus ) and parasitized at the roots. It causes a white rot in wood. In general, the fungus appears several consecutive years in the same place.
Dissemination
The distribution area of the commons rattling sponge extends from the subtropics to the northern temperate zone. In North America, the distribution area limited to the northeastern United States and Canada; individual occurrences have also been found further west. The westernmost deposit is located in Idaho. In Japan, the fungus thrives only in the north- east of the country, of course.
Importance
Etymology
The German name derived from the property that the hats beat up on shaking the fruit body. The Latin genus name stands for the catches of birds of prey, which seem to be similar to the hats of the fungus.
Mushroom
In China and Japan, the Maitake is collected and eaten since 3,000 BC. Today, he is next to the shiitake ( Lentinula edodes ), Buna - shimeji ( Hypsizygus tessulatus ) and Enoki ( Flammulina velutipes ) one of the most important edible mushrooms of the region. With the professional cultivation began in Japan in 1981 and produced 325 tons of the fungus. In 1985, the total production is already amounted to 1500 tons and increased to 1991 to 8000 tons. In 1993 the production was 10,000 and in 2001 about 40,000 tons.
Medical Application
The common Grifola frondosa is used in traditional Chinese medicine. In Asia it is used as blood pressure and blood cholesterol lowering agent, and to protect the liver. Many medical studies have confirmed a strong cytostatic and antiviral activity. Other positive effects could be demonstrated in part in animal experiments. So says a résumé of Maitake extracts from the year 2001:
" Maitake is among the most promising natural sources of immunotherapeutic products. "
" The Maitake is one of the most promising natural sources of immunotherapeutic products."