Grigory Yavlinsky

Grigory Alexeyevich Yavlinsky (Russian Григорий Алексеевич Явлинский; born April 10, 1952 in Lviv, now Ukraine) is a liberal Russian politician and economist. He was from 1993 to 2008 chairman of the Yabloko party and was repeatedly presidential candidate of his party.

Biography

Yavlinsky grew up in Lviv. His father was a teacher, his mother a chemist. 1969 drove Yavlinsky to Moscow and took her studies in economics at the Plekhanov Academy of Economics with a focus on labor economics. In 1973 he graduated from it and from then on worked as a research assistant until 1976, he moved to a research institute for the coal mining industry, where he was active in the area of ​​human resources. From 1980 to 1984 Yavlinsky worked as Head of heavy industry in the State Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs from 1984 to 1989 as head of department in the Soviet State Committee for Labour and Social Affairs. He was appointed to the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1989, where he participated in the conception of economic reforms.

Political career

1990 developed Yavlinsky together with some other economic experts in the Council a program of reforms to liberalize the Soviet economy, which was given the name 500 days. This program was approved by the Parliament of the RSFSR, but failed in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, put on a conservative economic program of the Council of Ministers Chairman Nikolai Ryzhkov. Finally, we lay down on the initiative of the head of state Mikhail Gorbachev on a compromise program determines which contained concepts from the two programs. This compromise, however, refused Yavlinsky from and stepped so on 17 October 1990 from his position in the Council of Ministers back.

He then founded an economic research institute, in 1991 another reform program developed, which, however, was not realized. After the August coup, in which Yavlinsky Yeltsin supported Gorbachev Yavlinsky appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, who was responsible for reform of the now almost complete standstill of economy of the Soviet Union. His research group developed a concept for a single economic space of the former Soviet republics, which was rejected by Boris Yeltsin. After the final dissolution of the Soviet Union Yavlinsky resigned from the government.

In 1992 he once more beat liberalization program as an alternative to the former economic reforms under Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar. However, this was only implemented in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast tentatively.

In 1993, Yavlinsky Yabloko, which was initially registered as an electoral bloc, and later as a political party. In the parliamentary elections in 1993 Yabloko received 7.86 % of votes. During the First Chechen War Yavlinsky stepped several times against Yeltsin's policy and tried to negotiate with rebel leader Dzhokhar Dudayev.

1996 and 2000 candidate Yavlinsky in the presidential election, but was not over 7.4 % and 5.8 % of the vote out. The Yabloko party was represented in the Duma from 1993 to 2003. In the 2003 elections they failed at 4.3%, the five- percent hurdle.

On June 22, 2008 Yavlinsky resigned as chairman of the party. He was succeeded by Sergei Mitrokhin, who until then had led the Moscow Regional Department of Yabloko.

In the 2011 Duma elections Yabloko failed with 3.43% set up the 7% electoral threshold again. Nonetheless, the party got more than on the previous elections, which they are entitled under the state funding. Yabloko was also able to perform the deputies in three regions, including in the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg: here the party got 12.5 percent of the vote and six seats. Yavlinsky, who also headed the party list for the elections, has agreed to lead the Yabloko faction in St. Petersburg. He said his deputy's mandate on 14 December 2011.

After the announcement of his candidacy for the presidential elections on March 4, 2012 he was denied admission to the presidential election in January 2012 because, according to the Russian election line about 25% of the two million supporters signatures were forged.

Others

Yavlinsky lives in Moscow, is married and has two adult sons.