Halford Mackinder
Sir Halford John Mackinder (* February 15, 1861 in Gainsborough, † March 6, 1947 ) was a British geographer and geopolitics.
Life
Mackinder went on Epsom College and Christ Church, Oxford to school. He was a geographer and later turned to the economic and political science to. He sat down for the Association of Geography branches Physical Geography and Human Geography a ( human geography ). He was co-founder of the London School of Economics and served from 1903 to 1908 as its director.
In 1887 he was a lecturer in geography at the University of Oxford, the hitherto highest possible position for geographers in the UK. The University of Reading, co-founded by Mackinder 1892, further 1893, the Geographical Association, which he chaired from 1913 to 1946. By 1899 he had established its own geographical school. In 1899 he achieved the first ascent of Batian Mount Kenya massif, the second highest mountain in Africa.
His 1902 work published Britain and The British Seas was the first comprehensive account of the geomorphology of the British Isles. Mackinder formulated in 1904 in the journal The Geographical Pivot of History, the Heartland theory as part of Geopolitics: This states that the control of the heartland of Eurasia was the key to world domination, and that Great Britain as the leading naval power, as it does not dominate because of its insularity this area could, with the advent of a dangerous expansionist power must count on the continent, especially with Russia. Probably from disappointment that he was not a full professorship, he left the University of Oxford and became a civil servant. But he still gave lectures, primarily at the London School of Economics, where he held a professorship. In 1905 Mackinder coined the term man-power as a measure of population policy.
From 1910 to 1922 he represented the Unionist Party as an MP in the British Parliament. In 1920 he was knighted. From 1923 he held a chair at the University of London.
His second major work Democratic Ideals and Society of 1919 was a reflection of his writing published in 1904 in the wake of the peace treaties after World War I and Woodrow Wilson's idealism.
His Heartland theory was initially little attention outside the United Kingdom in 1930 but by the Nazis (Karl Haushofer ) taken. Although there was no evidence that Mackinder sympathized with the Nazi regime, he was sharply attacked after learning of the Nazi appropriation of his work. Mackinder spoke fluent German and had some friends among German intellectuals.
Quote
"a lump of coal surrounded by fish" ( A lump of coal surrounded by fish) in Britain and The British Seas across the UK.
Works
- Britain and The British Seas. 1902
- The Geographical Pivot of History. 1904
- Man-power as a measure of National and Imperial Strength. 1905
- Democratic Ideals and Reality. 1919