Hawk-Eye

Hawk-Eye (English falcon - eye) is a computerized system for tracking ball sports, such as tennis, snooker and cricket. Controversial situations, for example, the "off" of the ball, can be clarified almost beyond doubt by the system afterwards. The system was developed in 2001 by Paul Hawkins, a British mathematician. In July 2012, as allowed under the IFAB Hawk - Eye was introduced as a test in football by FIFA; on in the race along with this new goal-line is also called GoalRef system, the " chip in the ball ."

Method

The system is based on the use of at least four high-speed cameras that can detect the field from different angles. A computer identified first in the shot at the same time frames of the cameras the ball then he can triangulate (position of cameras and angles of the cameras to the ball are known) calculate the position of the ball. To increase the accuracy of the method, usually six or more cameras are used in practice. To illustrate the trajectory of the ball is then presented to the audience in a 3D animation.

In cricket, the potential flight path of the ball after contact with the batsman ( batter ) is calculated beyond. In football, the referee is, however, signaled on a specially prepared wristwatch whether a goal has been scored or not. The Hawk - Eye is first heard of in football at the FIFA Club World Championship 2012 is used.

Cricket

Hawk-Eye was first used in cricket in May 2001 from the British Channel 4 television during a test match between England and Pakistan. But it served only as a service to viewers without the referee could use the system.

For use occurs primarily in cases in which the referee ( umpire ) must decide on the withdrawal of the batsman after the LBW rule. But also for the subsequent analysis of the trajectory of the ball after the throw and the reaction of the batsman out, it offers vivid graphics.

The International Cricket Council (ICC ), the system first used during a test phase in the 2008 /09 season. Players were the first to have it checked LBW decisions of the referee by a third umpire, but the case had no access to the predicted trajectory the ball, but only the track had access to the contact with the batsman.

Today ( 2012) Hawk-Eye is used as part of the Decision Review System ( DRS). The Third Umpire can access without restriction to the system. However, the DRS, due to the resistance of the Indian Association, not mandatory for international matches.

Tennis

Since its introduction in tennis tournaments in 2006, the system was criticized, among others, Roger Federer, because it was inaccurate. Meanwhile, it is used in three of the four Grand Slam tournaments. Only at the French Open is waived, because the ball on sand leaves a visible imprint.

Football

The English Premier League used Hawk-Eye since the 2013/14 season for disputed Torentscheidungen. For this, the system was installed in every Premier League stadium.

The first international meeting, at which the system was used, was the friendly match between England and Germany on 19 November 2013 Wembley.