Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber
Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber of beavers ( baptized August 12, 1644 in Wartenberg, Bohemia; † May 3, 1704 in Salzburg) was a Bohemian composer and violinist of the Baroque period known.
Life
In a Jesuit high school in Opava Silesia, he received his musical education. Here he had contact with the trumpeter and later Kapellmeister of the Archbishop in Kremsier Pavel Josef Vejvanovský. Presumably he took lessons with Johann Heinrich Schmelzer or the court conductor Antonio Bertali in Vienna, but this is not backed up as. His first known composition dates from 1663, a " Salve Regina " for soprano, violin, viola da gamba and organ.
He received the first job in 1668 as a musician of the court chapel and valet of the Olomouc Bishop Charles II of Liechtenstein - Kastelkorn. From a trip to Innsbruck, he returned illegally not return. On this journey he came up with the famous in his time luthier James Stainer in contact, who later mentioned him in a letter as "the noble virtuoso Herr Biber".
From 1670 he entered the service of the Archbishop Max Gandolph Count of Kuenburg in Salzburg. In 1678 he received the position of Vice-Kapellmeister and after the death of his predecessor, Andreas Hofer 1684 the Kapellmeister. He was regarded as a brilliant virtuoso violinist; for his work as a composer gave him Emperor Leopold I in 1690, a title of nobility ( Steward ). From then on he was allowed to " beaver beavers " call, which means a considerable upward social mobility meant. His monthly income at this time was 60 florins, with free accommodation, wine, bread and firewood.
1715 was succeeded by his son, Carl Heinrich Biber ( 1681-1749 ) the father in the post of Kapellmeister.
Creation
In many of his early works he frequently used the Scordatura ( retuning of individual strings ) to create special sound effects and to allow for difficult handles in the lower layers as well as on open strings.
Beaver wrote masses, two requiems, many violin sonatas and board scores. He created His monumentalstes work in 1682 on the occasion of the 1100 anniversary of the Archbishopric of Salzburg, a fair with 53 votes, the Missa Salisburgensis and the hymn Plaudite tympana. This fair was formerly attributed to Orazio Benevoli. In the 1970s, it was assumed also beaver predecessor Andreas Hofer come as a creator of the work in question. Since 1975 beaver is considered the composer. Most of his sacred works is virtually unknown. Of his operas is especially a known chi la dura la vince.
With few violinists and composers of his time before you find very often double handles, triple and quadruple chords like beavers. He dominated, then rarely, play the violin to the seventh position.
Works (selection)
Vowel
- Missa Christi resurgentis (22 -note ) 1674
- Missa Salisburgensis 1682 (53 -voice Festival Mass for the 1100 anniversary of the Archbishopric of Salzburg)
- Requiem à 15 in A Major 1687 (Composed for the funeral ceremony of Prince Bishop Maximilian Gandolph )
- Requiem in F minor
- Vesperae Longiores ac Breviores Unacum Litaniis Lauretanis 1693
- Vesperae à 32 1674
- Missa Sancti Henrici 1696 ( Credited to enter his daughter Maria Anna, under the name of Maria Rosa Henrica, in the Benedictine Abbey Nonnberg )
- Missa Alleluia (26 voices ) 1698 8 soloists, choir, strings, 2 Cornetto, three trombones, 6 trumpets, timpani and basso continuo
- Missa Sancti Alexii
- Missa Bruxellensis 1700 (23 -note )
- 1 opera: Chi la dura la vince 1690-92 (also known as Arminio )
- 13 school dramas
- Cantatas
Instrumental
- Sonata violino solo representativa, 1669 ( in her many animal sounds imitated )
- The 16 Mystery Sonatas ( Rosenkranz sonatas ), 1670, all but two in Scordatura, the individual moods are shown in the figure. In the 11th Sonata, the strings are swapped at the peg and between the bridge and tailpiece, so that a cross is visible.
Writings
- The musical foundation, beaver wrote it for his daughter Anna Magdalena Beavers (1677-1742), which Chorregentin and Kapellmeister in Nonnberg was to use it in singing lessons. ( 1694 )