Horatio Hale
Horatio Emmons Hale ( May 3, 1817 in Newport, New Hampshire, † December 28, 1896 in Clinton, Ontario ) was an American- Canadian lawyer, anthropologist and linguist important. He is the author of several studies on North American Indians.
Life
Horatio Hale was born the son of lawyer David Hale and his wife, Sarah Josepha Buell. In his family there were numerous lawyers. His mother worked as a journalist and editor, she was also a committed advocate of women's rights. After the father died in 1822 the family lived, now consisting of the mother and her five children, the income of the mother.
Hale early showed an interest in Indians. At 16 he went to college at Harvard to study Oriental languages and literature there. Already in the first year of study, he examined in a field study a hitherto unknown Algonquian dialect close to the university -based Indians and created a dictionary of the dialect, which was attributed to the language of the Micmac. He printed 1834 50 copies of the dictionary under the title Remarks on the language of the St. John 's or Wlastukweek Indians, with a Penobscot vocabulary and distributed them among friends. This publication made by experts for a certain notoriety. In 1837 he completed his university education.
After graduation, he attended the United States Exploring Expedition under Charles Wilkes to the Pacific as a linguist from 1838. He drew on the grammar and vocabulary of the tribes on the Pacific Coast during this time. He published in 1846 in Ethnography and Philology results. Last year until 1842 he toured the former Oregon Territory and examined the language of the people between California and British Columbia. After returning from the expedition he went to his mother to Philadelphia and wrote the manuscript of his expedition report. His mother took over the proofreading of the work that in 1847 under the title of Ethnography and philology as the first publication appeared to the expedition. Hale was at that time until 1853 while traveling in Europe.
After his return he studied law and married in 1854 in Jersey City, Canada's Margaret Pugh. He was admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1855 as a lawyer and was first settled in Chicago. Already in 1856 the couple moved to Clinton, Ontario. There, he worked on as a lawyer, among others with the administration of the real property of his father is concerned. With the elevation of Clinton as a separate parish in 1858 the town began to grow significantly. Hale was instrumental in the development of land, which was reflected among other things in the naming of streets named after literary figures. He was chairman of the local school committee and advocated the establishment of a High School for girls. In 1875 he reached that Clinton was connected to the railway network of the London, Huron and Bruce Railway.
It was not until 1867 he again began to press scientifically. He studied about 1867 to 1877 in cooperation with the Mohawk Chief George Henry Martin Johnson, the language, culture and history of living in a reserve near Amherstburg Iroquois. Here he examined, among other things Wampun belt, by means of which the oral tradition of the Iroquois nations was recorded.
Works (selection)
- Ethnography and Philology. 1846
- Indian Migrations as evidenced by Language. 1882
- The Origin of Languages and the Antiquity of Speaking Man. 1886
- The Development of Language. 1888
- Language as a Test of Mental Capacity: Being an Attempt to Demonstrate the True Basis of Anthropology. 1891