Hybrid tea rose

The Hybrid Teas or Hybrid teas are the oldest class of "modern" roses. They were first in the 19th century crossed from Chinese tea roses and European remontant roses. Through the genes of China Rose, the properties of the newly introduced since Rose classes have fundamentally changed. In addition to positive characteristics such as duration of flowering, the expansion of the color gamut and new fragrances arrived and negative factors - such as susceptibility to rose diseases, lower to the lack of smell to many varieties, as well as a frequently low Hardiness - into breeding lines of modern roses.

The first Hybrid Tea

The definition of the American Rose Society ARS from 1966 states that a rose is to be designated as " Old Rose ," if it belongs to a rose class that existed before the introduction of the Hybrid Teas. Generally, it means that the rose variety ' La France ' ( Guillot 1867) was the first Hybrid Tea. It combines the desirable duration of bloom with a pleasing growth, good frost resistance and the classy-looking, high -built buds that open to large flowers.

In the 19th century, when the present classification was developed, it was customary classified each new variety in their parent species; if they are too diverged from this, one added the word " hybrid " class name. So was a " Hybrid Tea " a rose from the seed of a tea rose, fertilized by a rose another ( " any " ) class. The pollen type was not observed; once because they often could not identify, but then also, because you can still usually believed that the pollen sites play only a minor role in the formation of hybrids. Targeted intersections with success have not been made ​​before 1860.

However, Henry Bennett began around 1870 so that to transfer the scientific knowledge of the genetics of the cattle in the cultivation of roses and tea roses to systematically breed hybrids with uniform consideration of father and mother places places. The Société Lyonnaise d' Horticulture named Bennet roses 1880 " Hybrid Teas ".

In 1809, Sir Abraham Hume led the Rose ' Hume's Blush Tea - scented China ' a ​​. Although this was apparently self-sterile, one day there was but a seedling, presumably fertilized by a Gallicarose. This rose came in 1815 as ' Brown's Superb Blush' in England in the trade. The variety is from today's perspective, a Hybrid Tea. However, they bloomed only once and was probably triploid and sterile.

Early varieties

Only since this time, the class name " Hybrid Tea " in the modern sense in use. Now was the time of rose breeding, especially the Hybrid Teas, dawned and this group has become the greatest of all time. Some of the early Hybrid Teas were indeed strong in stature and also very hardy, but many sensitive due to their descent from the frost-sensitive tea rose. By continuing to crossing, inbreeding, prosecution of certain breeding directions degenerate the Hybrid Teas with time significantly.

Further development

This was even worse than the introgression with Rosa foetida the " Pernetiana Roses " originated. This widened the color gamut although very gratifying, but reduced the resistance of plants against diseases (especially black spot and rust ), and the vigor quite considerably.

The " Pernetiana " or " Pernetrosen " are now completely merged with the Hybrid Teas, but were at the beginning of its development a unique group. The Hybrid Teas flourished (apart from the descendants of ' Parks Yellow Tea - scented China ' once) generally only pink, red or white, with all the nuances, while a real yellow was missing. A golden-yellow, rather large-flowered wild rose, Rosa foetida ( syn. Rosa lutea), now brought Clusius in 1542 from Asia Minor to Europe, after Austria. From here it was spread. 1596 Gerard knows in England this rose ( ' Austrian Yellow' ) and also already have their mutation 'Rosa foetida bicolor ' ( = ' Austrian Copper '). The latter is a rose with a wonderful combination of colors, golden yellow outside and inside copper red. She was much more beautiful than the domestic pale yellow dunes rose (Rosa pimpinellifolia ). Both, however, have a mistake, because the flowers do not have a pleasant smell; they actually smell something for bugs. In addition, the leaves were very susceptible to blackspot, and finally, and this was crucial, the flowers were sterile.

1837 was Sir John Willock in Persia a fairly large-flowered form of Rosa foetida, which received the name ' Persian Yellow'. Although they had the same bad qualities of the parent species, but was fertile. Finally in 1900 Pernet - Ducher managed a first beginning. He crossed the violet-red Hybrid Perpetual ' Antonie Ducher ' with ' Persian Yellow'. Most seedlings therefrom were worthless, so that he all but one, which was particularly strong, threw away. When he was here now a fragrant, beautiful yellow blossom one day, he saw to his surprise that these belonged to a random stand by remaining weak seedling; this weak seedling, which he named ' Soleil d' Or', was extremely important for the growth of Pernetiana roses. Pernet - Ducher crossed further with its yellow roses and scored 1920 'Souvenir de Claudius Pernet ' and others. Now began the other breeders to cross with yellow roses, and there arose the hues of our modern roses. Yet it must not be overlooked that in 1940 the Hybrid Teas had passed the peak of their perfection, and showed signs of degeneration. In 1945, the great turning point by ' Gloria Dei ' by Meilland. The immensely strong vigorous Rose was not only very healthy, but also had great, fine flowers, in general, all properties which you could wish for. A new period of breeders activity began, holding still always.

Just a few may be called World Rose.

Modern Hybrid Teas

A selection of modern Hybrid Teas: