Hydrocotyle

Usually pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris)

The genus pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ) belongs to the family Araliaceae ( Araliaceae ). The only Central European representatives of this small marsh plants is the Ordinary pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris).

Features

The species are annual or perennial herbs. The shoots are mostly crawling and slim. They take root at the nodes. The leaves are stalked, usually undivided and often heart-shaped. Stipules are present and membranous.

The inflorescence is a simple umbel, or the flowers are in whorls, in leaf axils or apparently the carrier sheet over. The flowers are inconspicuous. The Count Goblet are small or absent. The petals are are white, greenish or yellow and have a straight tip.

The fruit is ovoid or almost disc-shaped and laterally strongly compressed. The joint surface is small. The fins are clear, the midrib of the outer surface is often winged. The oil streaks are only in the main ribs and formed indistinct or entirely absent. The endocarp is woody. There is no fruit bodies ( Karpophor ) formed.

Dissemination

The pennywort species come from tropical to before in temperate areas. The distribution area is located in the southern hemisphere. In Eastern and Southern China 14 species are native. In Central Europe, only the Ordinary pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris ) is native.

Species

After the "Flora of China" are about 75 to 100 species placed in the genus in the " Angiosperm Phylogeny Website" up to 130 species (selection):

  • Hydrocotyle benguetensis Elmer ( syn. Hydrocotyle ranunculifolia Ohwi. ): The home is Taiwan, Korea and the Philippines.
  • Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam. With a wide natural range in southern Africa, the southern, central west and western tropical Africa and on islands of the western Indian Ocean. Further dissemination areas are in North America in the southern United States and Mexico; in the Caribbean, Central America and in many parts of South America.
  • Hydrocotyle burmanica short, the homeland is Myanmar.
  • Hydrocotyle calcicola YHLi: The home is the south of Yunnan Province.
  • Hydrocotyle changanensis XCDu & Y.Ren: The home is the Chinese province of Shaanxi.
  • Hydrocotyle dielsiana H.Wolff: The home is the central Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.
  • Hydrocotyle himalaica PKMukherjee: The distribution extends from southern China through Bhutan, northern India and Myanmar to Nepal.
  • Hydrocotyle hookeri ( CBClarke ) Craib: The home is southern China and Myanmar.
  • Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. The distribution area extends from eastern Asia in Japan, Korea and Taiwan about Vietnam, the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia's up in eastern Australia and islands of the southwest Pacific.
  • Brazilian pennywort ( Hydrocotyle leucocephala ) Cham. & Schltdl. The home is located in southern Mexico, Central America and South America.
  • Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. ( Syn. Hydrocotyle Wight & Arn polycephala. ): The home is located in China and the Himalayan region to in the eastern Nepal.
  • Hydrocotyle novae- zelandiae DC:. Home is New Zealand.
  • Hydrocotyle pseudoconferta Masamune: The home is Taiwan, the Chinese province of Yunnan and Myanmar.
  • Hydrocotyle ramiflora Maxim. ( Syn. Hydrocotyle maritima Honda): The home is Taiwan, the Chinese Zhejiang Province and Japan.
  • Buttercup -like pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ranunculoides ) Lf: The distribution area lies in tropical Africa, the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen and North and South America.
  • Hydrocotyle salwinica RHShan & SLLiou: The home is located in China in the eastern Tibet and northeastern Yunnan.
  • Hydrocotyle setulosa Hayata ( syn. Hydrocotyle laxiflora Masam, Hydrocotyle masamunei M.Hiroe. ): The home is Taiwan.
  • Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. , With a penetration of tropical Africa over the islands of the western Indian Ocean, the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen, the Indian subcontinent, further on Malaysia's, Farther India, China and Taiwan to Japan.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata L.: The home is the American double continent.
  • American pennywort ( Hydrocotyle verticillata Thunb. ): It is native to the temperate and subtropical regions of North and South America.
  • Usually pennywort ( Hydrocotyle vulgaris) L.: The home is in the subatlantic (up to sub-Mediterranean ) Europe; It is also present in Central Europe. It is also common in the Caucasus region in Azerbaijan and Georgia.
  • Hydrocotyle wilfordii Max: The home is Vietnam, southern China, Japan and Korea.
  • Hydrocotyle wilsonii Diels ex RHShan & SLLiou: The home is the central provinces of Hubei and Chongqing in China.

Use

Some species play a role in the aquarium hobby. These include the Brazilian pennywort ( Hydrocotyle leucocephala ), the buttercup -like pennywort ( Hydrocotyle ranunculoides ) and the American pennywort ( Hydrocotyle verticillata ).

Swell

Asterids
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