Hydrology

The Hydrology ( altgr. ὕδωρ Hydor, water ' and λόγος lógos ' doctrine' ) is the science that deals with the water on, above and below the land surface of the earth, as both in terms of its manifestations, circulations and distributions in space and time also with respect to its physical, chemical and biological properties and its interactions with the environment, including its relationships with living things.

History

The term hydrology was not clearly defined until the 1960s. The science was taken seriously only when 1963 came a pulse from the international field. It was the " International Hydrological Decade " (IHD ) of UNESCO for the period 1965 until 1974. For the first time now, representatives from other fields in the Senate and the Main Committee of the German Research Foundation (DFG) that the hydrology compared to other countries in Germany was completely backward and took a participation in international framework of special promotion and development work. In the late 1970s, the geographer Prof. Dr. Reiner Keller called the degree program with specialization in Physical Geography and degree in hydrology at the University of Freiburg in life. Recently, a trend can be seen to include socio -economic aspects related to the water in the field. On 23 September 2011, the start-up and first meeting of the German Hydrological Society ( DHydroG ) was held in Koblenz.

Subdivision and classification in the science canon

The classification distinguishes between Oceanology ( hydrology of the seas ), Hydrology ( Hydrology of the mainland ), limnology (Internal Hydrology ), in the Potamologie included ( riverine customer), as well as Hydrometrie ( hydrological Metrology ).

Related Subjects are mainly the Hydro geography (spatial distribution of water as well as interaction with its environment ), the hydrogeology, which primarily deals with the underground water and the geochemical interactions with rocks, water chemistry, atmospheric physics, meteorology, glaciology as a science that the formation, the shapes, the impact and spread of ice on the solid earth takes to the sedimentology with the specialized field of Alluviologie ( bedload customer), the pedology and geology as one of the basic disciplines of geosciences, geography and hydro-morphology.

According to the system for the Hydrology of de Haar (1974 ) hydrology is divided into three main subjects:

Tasks of Hydrology

The main fields of hydrology are the observation and measurement of hydrologic processes, the systematic analysis of hydrological phenomena as the basis for the development and extension of theories and methods and the application of these theories and methods to solve a variety of practical tasks. Among the practical problems of hydrology include water management, ie the management of surface waters (rivers, lakes, reservoirs ) in connection with water supply, hydropower generation, flood protection and public uses of water, such as for leisure activities.

Hydrological item field

  • Precipitation
  • Evaporation
  • Outflow
  • Storage
  • Hydromorphology
  • Flood
  • Low water
  • Level
  • Hydrological year
  • Drinking water
  • Operating water
  • Well Construction
  • Water distribution system
  • Sewerage
  • Sewage plant
Hydrometry Geschiebekunde Water resource management Flow tracer Baseflow Raw water Well drilling Water supply network Wastewater Hydraulics Integrated Authority File
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