Hyperdontia

Under Hyperdontie (also hyperodontia ) (from the ancient Greek. Ὕπέρ " over - " and ὀδόντος " toothed " ) refers to a tooth number. For the human dentition, this means in the primary dentition are more than 20 or in the permanent dentition are more than 32 teeth present. A special feature is explained in the section spurious Hyperdontie. Already removed teeth are counted. In the primary dentition Hyperdontien are rare.

Frequency

A Hyperdontie occurs in one to three percent of Caucasians, more common in Asians. In 86 % of cases there is a single extra tooth which usually is located at the incisors in the upper jaw.

Causes

The etiology (cause) is not clarified, it will be mainly an overproduction of the rack, or local developmental disorders, a tooth germ cleavage and atavism discussed as causes. Occasionally family frequent incidence is observed. A Hyperdontie can be isolated, but also occur along with other diseases: cleidocranial dysostosis, Klippel -Feil syndrome.

True Hyperdontie

Morphology

Morphologically considered to supernumerary teeth in bidding or irregular tooth shape (eg Mesiodens ), as double or multiple entities, as separate twin engine ( twin teeth), as adhesions or fusions occur. Zahnverwachsungen or mergers can go so far that the structure looks like an excessively large tooth. Because such multiple structures mainly occur in the anterior region, resulting in these cases, and aesthetic problems. Heaped the Hyperdontie occurs with cleft lip, jaw and palate.

Molding

• Mesiodentes familial incidence in genetic fixation. This form of Hyperdontie accounts for almost half of all supernumerary teeth.
• Paramolaren are mainly occurring in the maxilla additional, mostly single-rooted teeth between the molars.
• Distomolaren are additional, growing behind the wisdom teeth teeth.
• In cleidocranial dysostosis ( Kleidokraniale dysplasia ) leads to multiple supernumerary tooth germs. In addition, a defect of the clavicles is typical that allows sufferers to lead the shoulders as far forward until they touch.

Loggerhead Hyperdontie

A spurious Hyperdontie is when a permanent tooth is broken, the corresponding primary tooth is not lost ( persists ). The reason for this is usually in a displacement of the permanent tooth.

Therapeutic measures

As in the case of hypodontia ( Tooth number ) therapy must be planned individually. In the maxillary anterior teeth aesthetic considerations often suggest a removal of the supernumerary tooth, especially if it is excessive or a shift of the center line is to be feared. This removal should be done early, if necessary. with the help of orthodontic treatment to achieve a gap closure. However, a normal trained supernumerary lower incisor often not covered and can be left if so no crowding occurs. A Mesiodens must be removed in most cases, because it leads to a diastema ( gap between the upper central incisors ). Also already in the long run only hard to obtain real teeth must be included in the therapeutic planning because it may be better in individual cases, to remove such tooth and classified the supernumerary tooth.