Ibn Wahb

ʿ Abd Allāh ibn ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Wahb Wahb / عبد الله بن وهب (* 743, † 812) was an eminent lawyer, traditionists and Koranexeget in the second century Muslim ( 8th century AD), effective field Egypt and Medina. He was one of the most famous student of Maalik ibn Anas, in whose circle he frequented over thirty years.

His grandfather was a Berber and came after the Islamic conquest of North Africa to Egypt. His family was in the client relationship to the known strain of Banū Fihr claiming to be the founder of a new Arab neighborhood in Fustat (now Old Cairo, Fustat ) have made ​​a name near the Coptic. In this milieu Ibn Wahb learned the art of writing and reading in a Copts. The Egyptian historian al - Maqrizi († 1442 ) mentions in his chronicle of the city, this Muslim foundations in the vicinity of the then - and still exists today - Coptic.

In the year 761 he took his first pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, and then to study in the following decades in the Meccan, especially among Medinan scholars. He is considered one of the best student of Maalik ibn Anas and as narrators of the Muwatta ʾ, the fundamental work of Maliki, reported. Through the consistent application of the traditional of him hadith material in connection with its references to the doctrines - opinio ( Ra'y ) - his teachers by the systematic presentation of Islamic law learned their content expansion in the circle of Maliki.

The Arab biographers call over a hundred personalities of hadith and jurisprudence from the 8th century, in which Ibn Wahb studied. In a biographical memoir of the primary sources of Ibn Wahb Ibn Baschkuwāl from Córdoba total of 259 scholars under the title schuyūch ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Wahb al - Quraschī / شيوخ عبد الله بن وهب القرشي / Šuyūḫ ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Wahb al - Qurašī /, the teacher ' Abd Allāh ibn ʿ led by Wahb al - Quraschī arranged in alphabetical order. The book ends with a detailed presentation of the biography of Ibn Wahb.

Works

• In the tradition of al - Jami ʿ collection / الجامع / al - ʿ Ibn Wahb Ǧāmi has sayings of Prophet Muhammad ( Hadith) and his successors after Medinan, Egyptian and Syrian sources together thematically. The oldest work is a fragment in Edfu (Egypt) discovered papyrus scroll from the first half of the 9th century, which is available printed in the edition of the French orientalist J. David - Weill since 1939.
• His interpretations of the Qur'an at- Tafseer / التفسير is assigned to the Jami ʿ; of which have been discovered and published in the former mosque in Kairouan library beginning of the 1990s, three parchment books. It should be noted that the author has not put together his Tafseer according to the Qur'anic sura arrangement / verse, but after the name of its immediate sources. This undoubtedly idiosyncratic and unique in the koranexegetischen literature dealing with the material, however, difficult for the reader to locate the relevant verses of the Qur'an and its explanation in the factory. This method leads consequently there repetition, where several primary sources the author interpret one and the same verse. The author devotes only the Koran interpretation also the Quranic readings ( Qira'at ) and the Abrogationsfrage separate chapters. These copies are dated to the year 903 and thus represent the oldest manuscripts koran scientific content, which are known in the present state of research.

• Al - Muwatta ʾ (Arabic: al - Muwatta ʾ / الموطأ / al - Muwatta ʾ /, the flattened path '), is a fairly scientific work in which Ibn Wahb, probably like his teacher Maalik ibn Anas, in his eponymous book, all areas of has dealt with jurisprudence and thereby resorted addition to the legal doctrine of Medina on Egyptian authorities. From this work are currently two fragments in the Kairouaner manuscript collection before; the one is the criminal law to allocate the other the law of contract. Relevant to Islamic law hadith of both works has its Kairouaner students Sahnūn ibn Sa ʿ īd in his Mudawwana, the known corpus juris of the Maliki school of law, processed.

• Outside his Ǧāmi ʿ Ibn Wahb Hadith eschatological content under the title Kitāb al - Ahwal كتاب الأهوال / Kitabu ʾ l - Ahwal /, ' handed the book of horrors; they are preserved only in later tradition collections of the 5th and 6th century.

The writings of Ibn Wahb have been known beyond the borders of Egypt, it is primarily in North Africa and Andalusian scholarly circles of subsequent generations.