IEC 62196

The IEC 62196 is an international standard for a range of connector types and modes of charging for electric vehicles and is maintained by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

The standard is valid in Germany as DIN standard DIN EN 62196. It consists of three parts, of which the third part of the time (July 2013) in draft.

The standard does not specify physical dimensions for a charging socket, but refers in Part 2 (IEC 62196-2 ) to the existing IEC 60309 " CEEform " connector definitions. The Standard adopts the IEC - 61851 - definition for a signal pin, which switches the charge current - the charging station is free of stress connected to an electric vehicle. During charging, then the vehicle can not be put into operation.

The part -1 definitions for the signal pin and its IEC 62196-1 charging modes - have been found in a number of implementations for the charging stations of large mobile equipment input, including the expansion of public charging stations located in the utility. Apart from Drehstomsteckern the charging modes ( with Gleichstrommodi ) and for the Bals or Mennekes plug in Europe ( VDE - AR-E 2623-2 were also used for the Yazaki connector in North America (SAE J1772 ), for the CHAdeMO plug in Japan -2) taken. Other types of connectors according to IEC 62196-1 have been the Framatome plug by EDF, the SCAME plugs in Italy and the CEEplus connector variants in Switzerland.

Public charging stations in accordance with IEC 62196, the ( eg SAE J1772 or CEEplus ) have a certain connection types can be used with other types of connectors via an adapter - but the current is not activated until an IEC 61851 -compliant signal pin the presence an electric vehicle reports, and the current is limited to 16 a, as long as is recognized by an IEC 62196 -compliant signal that releases a charging mode with higher amperage.

• 2.2 Type 2: EN 62196-2 (VDE - AR-E 2623-2-2 )
• 2.3 Type 3: EV Plug Alliance
• 2.4 Signal Contacts

• 3.1 Combined Charging System

Charging modes

The IEC 62196-1 refers to connector (male ), sockets, connectors and cable assemblies for electric vehicles, which are used for wired charging systems. Is specified for a range of

• 690 VAC, 50 to 60 Hz, at a rated current up to 250 A;
• 600 V DC voltage at a rated current up to 400 A.

The charging modes based on the specifications of IEC61851 -1:

• IEC 61851-1 " Mode 1" - slow charge on household socket with earthing contact ( Schuko)
• IEC 61851-1 "Mode 2" - charge one-to three-phase plug side by firmly coded signal to Schuko with ICCB in the cable
• IEC 61851-1 "Mode 3" - charge with specific charging connector systems for electric vehicles with pilot and control contact
• IEC 61851-1 "Mode 4" - fast charging is controlled by an external charger

Mode 1

Class 1 charging modes are intended for household current to 16 amps. A pilot contact is provided here not necessarily to allow the charging process. Connectors and cables that tolerate less than 16 amps, will not be reported by a signaling, but it is provided that the maximum current strengths are listed on the devices themselves. The use of the IEC 60309 industry connectors is not necessary, but simpler connectivity systems such as earthing can be used.

Mode 2

Class 2 charging modes are provided for device power up to 32 amps, as they are both commonly found in single-phase and three-phase configurations. In this mode, a pilot connector contact is used, which works as a switch in the electrical outlet. The use of industrial connectors according to IEC 60309 is provided here, but also other industrial connectors with a specification of 32 A or more are used. Matching Class 1 charger plug without signaling can be used, but the charging current is then limited to 16 A.

Mode 3

Class 3 charging modes are provided for fast charging up to 250 A. Simple plug with pilot contact of class 2 can be used, however, to limit the charge current to 32 A. For higher charging currents, a suitable charging mode must be detected. The reference to the standard IEC 60309 acquires the physical parameter for a corresponding charging system, up to 250 A, such as the cable diameter and the pin diameter in the plug. By means of pulse width modulation is encoded, the maximum allowable charge current or the availability of digital communication. Last is the basis for controlled charging of electric vehicles in order to influence the charging process specifically.

Mode 4

Class 4 charging modes are provided for fast charging with direct current up to 400 amps. An appropriate signaling allows not matching charger plug remain stress free.

Connector types

In the IEC 62196-1 standard part referred to connector types in IEC 60309. These have been widely used as a charging plug for electric vehicles, while the following charging plug systems were created specifically for use in the automotive sector. There it attempts to connect the battery management of the vehicles to the smart grid of the utility company.

The standard IEC 62196-2 describes the part of connector types for connection to AC power. According to the European Commission's mandate for a uniform charging plug ETSI and CEN -CENELEC began in June 2010 with the work. The Commission was expecting a result by mid 2011. On 17 December 2010 the circulation of IEC 62196-2 with start end date May 20, 2011. Finished IEC Standard was published on 13 October 2011. This schedule was possible because the standard could be based on existing standardization of charging plug-in system.

In the list of the charger plug to the standard IEC 62196-2 the following types have been added:

• IEC 62196-2 " Type 1" - single phase vehicle coupler - accepts the specification of SAE J1772/2009
• IEC 62196-2 "Type 2" - single and three phase vehicle coupler - accepts the specification of VDE - AR-E 2623-2-2
• IEC 62196-2 "Type 3" - single and three phase vehicle coupler with shutters - accepts the proposals of the EV Plug Alliance

The North American SAE International standards committee had in 2001 adopted a standard for a wired charging system for electric vehicles that met the requirements of the California Emission Protection Agency CARB. The charging plug SAE J1772 -2001 was rectangular and was based on a design by Avcon. In 2009, a revision of the standard was adopted, which started a new plug type according to a design by Yazaki, who was now about. The SAE J1772 - 2009 charger plug is included in the standard IEC 62196-2 as type 1 ("Type 1"). The plug variant has 5 plug contacts, two contacts for single-phase alternating current, a ground, and two signal contacts with IEC 61851-2001 / SAE J1772 -2001 are compatible.

Type 2: EN 62196-2 (VDE - AR-E 2623-2-2 )

The plug-in system manufacturer Mennekes has developed a derivative of its three-phase plug -based CEEplus ports according to the requirement of RWE and Daimler. Mennekes has summarized the state of charging systems for electric vehicles in early 2009 and presented its charging plug-in system. This type of connector has been proposed 2 of this standard for inclusion in the next part. The proposal is based on the observation that three-phase plug according to IEC 60309 very bulky for higher currents are (diameter 68 mm / 16 A to 83 mm / 125 A). To ensure ease of use for consumers, the plugs were reduced ( diameter 55 mm) and flattened on one side ( physical protection against reverse polarity ).

Since the standardization in the IEC is a lengthy process, the DKE / VDE had ( German Commission for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technology ) temporarily assumed the task of the details of the charging system should be standardized. The pre- standard included the VDE standard plug for charging stations and was published in November 2009 in VDE - AR-E 2623-2-2. In contrast to the three-phase plugs VDE charging plug only has a case diameter for all supported charging modes from single-phase 16- A-to three-phase 63- amp charging mode (corresponding to 3.7 kW to 43.5 kW), so does not cover the entire spectrum of class 3 of IEC 62196 charging modes from.

The national VDE directive VDE -AR -E 2623-2-2 has now been incorporated into the international IEC standard and replaced by EN 62196-2:2012-11. Prior to this standard DKE / VDE worked closely with IEC and CENELEC together for the overall process of charging of electric vehicles. In June 2010, the ETSI and CEN -CENELEC was awarded the contract to develop a European standard for charging points for electric vehicles. Meanwhile, Peugeot criticized the VDE standard plug for charging stations as too expensive compared with conventional IEC 60309 connectors. In field tests in France and Great Britain on the already widespread Camping plug (CEE blue, 230 V, 16 A) was resorted to.

In March 2011, the ACEA had the use of Type 2 Mode 3 is recommended, in its second position paper from 2017, this should be used as a single solution in the EU and are also used for the DC charge in the form of Combo2 plug. The European Commission followed the lobbying and laid in January 2013 to implement the Type 2 as a common standard in Europe determined to finish the previous uncertainties. The uniform rule for charging stations in Europe to be implemented by December 2015.

Type 3: EV Plug Alliance

On 28 March 2010, the "EV Plug Alliance" consortium under the leadership of French (Schneider Electric, Legrand ) and Italian ( Scame ) was established firms. The proposed charger plug could be based on the experience with the Scame charging plugs that were already used for light vehicles (especially e-bikes ). The recorded type 3a corresponds largely to the Scame plug, whereas type 3b was extended by further plug-in contacts that allow a charge with AC. In contrast to type 2 but only a load of 32 amps is specified, on the other hand Shutter be added to prevent the direct contact with current-carrying contacts.

A statement by the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association ACEA in June 2010 made ​​it clear that it due to lack of three-phase contacts precludes the type 1, in the choice of type 2 and type 3, however, the type 2 preferred. In scheduled for public charging stations Mode 3 the power contacts are de-energized in the absence of a pilot signal, and it is expected that the shutter involve only an additional source of error. France has established with reference to the shutter on the Type 3 - presented in October 2012 Mennekes an optional shutter solution for their Type 2 connector before and pointed out that other countries, the parental control request household outlets, nevertheless at charging stations on have type 2 set (Sweden, Finland, Spain, Italy, UK). In November 2012, the European Commission emphasized the need for a unified European charging infrastructure and intends to adopt a legal definition in the course of 2013, market failure. This was done in January 2013 with the determination to type 2, at a hearing in the TRAN Committee in June 2013 called for the EV Plug Alliance, the variant of the type 2 with shutters in the upcoming requirement to take (thus the VDE / Mennekes connector version is one of a implementation of IEC type 3 requirements is ).

Signal contacts

The function of the signal contacts in SAE J1772 was: 2001 described and included in the IEC 61851. All connector types of IEC 62196-2 using its defined two signal contacts - the pilot contact CP (Control pilot ) and Proximity Switch PP ( Proximity Pilot) come to the normal electrical contacts ( phase L1 -L3, neutral conductor N, PE protective conductor ) is added. The protocol is suitable to dispense with digital electronics (as opposed to the CAN bus at CHAdeMO and EnergyBus ).

A public charging station feeds the pilot contact CP with a 1 -kHz square wave with ± 12 V, which is attributed to the electric vehicle side through a resistor and a diode on the PE conductor. Public charging stations are always de-energized open circuit, even if the standard allows a power output according to mode 1 ( 16 amps ). The electric vehicle can be requested via the resistance of a load enable - with 2700 ohms is a fashion -3 -compatible car was reported ( "vehicle detected" ), which is still abfordert no charge. 880 ohms, the vehicle is ready for a load current ( "ready" ) and 240 ohms, in addition, a ventilation requested ( "with ventilation" ). The loading station reports to the vehicle by means of pulse width modulation of the square wave, the maximum power output

The proximity switch PP reports the possible charging current of the vehicle to the charging station. For this, a resistance between PP and PE is set on the vehicle side. Adapter cable can use an appropriate resistor coding here.

IEC 62196-3: DC charge

The previous standard parts only capture essential parts of the charging of electric vehicles with AC. With the adoption of the standard part 2, the development of the IEC 62196-3 standard part has begun. Depending on the source is expected to be adopted from June 2012 to early 2013, the IEC is called as the date of final publication March 2014.

As a standard already exists, the CHAdeMO specification with up to 500 volts and 125 amps, but based on the JARI Level 3 DC connector. This plug-in charging system is already built in Japan a de facto standard of existing charging stations in Europe and America are currently being fast charging stations for the corresponding CHAdeMO. The protocol for the signal pins, however, is not based on IEC 61851 here, but on a CAN bus, also the plug is generally considered very unwieldy.

The SAE 1772 has already begun work on a proposal for the DC charge and expected a first release in December 2011, the Working Group of the VDE has also been a proposal to be used with the existing contacts of the Type 2 connector for the DC charge that they wants to bring to the IEC 62196.

Ultimately, American and European manufacturers have argued for a uniform loading plug-in system - a proposal is the way to incorporate the existing type - 1 and type -2 plug into a larger case in which two additional contacts for the current charge on charge. Whether the combo type 1 ( short Combo1 ) or combo type 2 ( short Combo2 ) is used, the DC contacts are plug compatible. In the second opinion, the ACEA 2011 Combo2 connector has been proposed as a uniform vehicle- side connector type. Several car manufacturers (BMW, Daimler, Ford, General Motors and Volkswagen Group ) have agreed that now use " Combined Charging System" called charging connector system from mid-2012 only in their electric vehicles. Only BMW offers but so far ( November 2013 ), a commercially available electric vehicle charging terminal as to surcharge option.

Combined Charging System

The combined AC / DC Charging System, CCS is a charging connector system for electric vehicles according to IEC 62196 and supports both AC charging (AC ) and DC charging ( DC ). It was built by Phoenix Contact in cooperation alone with German car manufacturers ( Volkswagen Group, Mercedes, BMW) developed and consists mainly of a vehicle-mounted socket, called the Inlet, and the two plugs for AC and DC charging. It was within the framework of the 15th International VDI Congress " Electronic Systems for Vehicles " on 12-13. October presented in Baden-Baden and 2011 should be ready for use in mid-2012. In January 2011, the first still was filed in June, the second of the system of international standardization to IEC 62196-3.

By the universal connection system, only a charging port on the side of the vehicle is necessary in order to cover the various charging options as AC and DC charging. By means of a mechanical lock prevents unauthorized withdrawal before the end of the charging process, which both persons and protects the vehicle. About the signal contacts CP and PP communication between vehicle and charging is enabled and controlled charging targeted. Due to larger sized DC contacts compared to the AC charging currents are possible up to 200 A, whereby a rapid charging can be realized, for example on the go. An ergonomically designed handle and low insertion and extraction forces to allow easy insertion / removal of connectors with just one hand.

The Combined Charging System is in competition with practically tested CHAdeMO quick- charging system with direct current, which is established in Japan and the United States and introduced in Europe. Free acquirable electric vehicles, which use the " Combined Charging System" are, as of March 2014, the VW e -up!, VW e - Golf, BMW i3 and Chevrolet Spark EV.

The first public charging station with CCS 50 kW DC was established in June 2013 in Wolfsburg and thus supports the testing of the Volkswagen E-Up, which will be equipped with a CCS Combo 2 port. Two weeks later, BMW has inaugurated the first CCS charging station in Munich, which tests the BMW i3 are supported. On the second EV World Summit in June 2013, both a spokesman for the CHAdeMO Group and the Volkswagen Group have noted that a competition of both standards for DC charge is not mandatory, since the additional costs for a further charge Protocol at just 5% lie - therefore recommend CHAdeMO, Volkswagen and Nissan jointly the construction of " multi-standard almost chargers ", the 2 port can be driven by both vehicles with CHAdeMO as well as those with combo.