Intangible cultural heritage
As intangible heritage (IKE, english intangible cultural heritage, ICH) or intangible cultural heritage are cultural expressions referred to the supported directly by human knowledge and skills are passed on from generation to generation, creating ever new and changing, therefore be immobile in contrast buildings and movable objects (eg the well-known world Heritage Sites or the world Documentary Heritage ) is not touchable (English intangible ) are.
The concept of intangible cultural heritage
The intangible cultural heritage includes (as defined by UNESCO Convention ) " customs, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills - and the associated instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces [ ... ] that communities, groups and, where appropriate, individuals as part of their cultural heritage view. "
The concept of ' cultural heritage ' has changed significantly in recent decades and expanded. Cultural heritage does not end at monuments or cultural collections. It also includes traditions and vibrant cultural expressions, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe and knowledge of traditional craft techniques. The understanding that vibrant and living culture forms are also cultural heritage, is originally from the countries of Asia and from the indigenous movement and should be a counter-movement to heavily on monuments aligned, Euro -centric protection concept of the UNESCO represent. The fact that in Europe is still a rich treasure available to regional, not in rem established cultural forms, is an awareness of recent date.
Risk is an award intangible cultural commercialization and Folklorism is seen. Intangible cultural heritage is therefore also referred to as a living cultural heritage ( in the English language exist for terms such as Living Heritage, Living national treasure, living human treasure ), and thinks regionally autochthonous, "lived " cultural tradition of all kinds that or not nurmehr in terms of museum conservation tourist presentation of traditions are nurtured, but is vital, anchored in everyday life cultural self- understanding. Thus, the concept of intangible cultural heritage is also in contrast to the modern monument nature, the latter focuses on the (material) originality of a cultural achievement, the former seen on the processes, material results are as ephemeral byproduct. Also from the concept of Musealverein - preservers, the concept sets from which transformations of cultural expression in its disclosure ( 'tradition' in the narrow sense ) is seen as a central aspect. Therefore, the concepts of intangible heritage also increasingly thinking of sustainability and 'alternative' management concepts are involved.
Activities to the factual and legal protection
UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
At international level, UNESCO has been active for factual and legal protection of intangible cultural heritage in particular. She has to " Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity " nominated in three proclamations in the years 2001, 2003 and 2005, 90 particularly worth preserving intangible cultural heritage from all regions of the world and 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage ( in English: Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage ) taken. The Convention entered into force in April 2006, after 30 states had ratified it. Meanwhile the Convention are joined 154 countries.
There are three directories in which a cultural expression or a project for the conservation of expressions can be added:
- Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
- List of urgent conservation need of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
- Register of good practices
On the Representative List are selected cultural expressions that make the diversity of world regions visible. The list currently contains 257 entries. Cultural expressions that are particularly vulnerable, are on the list of urgent conservation need of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. There are currently 31 cultural expressions from 18 countries are listed. For the examples of good practice register model projects are included, where the objectives of the Convention are implemented exemplary. In the register there are ten projects.
Addition to the existing UNESCO World Heritage emblem for cultural and natural sites of outstanding universal value from the States Parties to the Convention decided its own emblem for the intangible cultural heritage.
German -speaking
Switzerland has already fully implemented the ratification process, therefore, with effect from 16 July 2008 full-fledged Contracting ( 99 accession state ). In September 2012, the Federal Office of Culture has published a list of the living traditions in Switzerland, which is prescribed by the Convention Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Switzerland.
The Republic of Austria has established on 1 January 2006, a National Agency for the Intangible Cultural Heritage within the Austrian Commission for UNESCO, and since April 9, 2009 Member State of the Convention ( 112 ).
The Federal Republic of Germany has decided to initiate the process of ratification of the Convention in December 2011. On 12 December 2012, the Federal Cabinet has decided to accede to the Convention, all states have the agreed individually in the aftermath. In April 2013 Germany joined the UNESCO Convention. The official certificate was presented by Ambassador Michael Worbs on April 10, 2013 in Paris at UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova. The Convention entered into Germany on 9 July 2013. On May 3, 2013 to November 30, 2013 groups and networks were invited with shared interests in the first application phase, to compete with its vivid everyday culture, knowledge and skills for the new nationwide directory of intangible cultural heritage. After the states make a preliminary selection, the Standing Conference will examine the applications and forward them to the 23- member expert committee Intangible Cultural Heritage. The panel is expected to decide in the summer of 2014, the first entries in the directory.
In Germany dealing in addition to the UNESCO Commission some chairs and institutes, including the chair of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage UNESCO ( a UNESCO Chair ) at the Faculty of Cultural Studies at the University of Paderborn, scientifically with the topic.
The Principality of Liechtenstein has not yet acceded to the Convention.
Lists
- Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, world
- List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China
- Intangible Cultural Heritage in Austria
- List of living traditions in Switzerland