Interleukin-10

• OMIM: 124092
• UniProt: P22301
• MGI: 96537

Interleukin -10 ( or shortly: IL10, or obsolete: cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor or short CSIF ) is within the cytokines ( chemical messengers of the immune system ) to the interleukins. It is secreted primarily by monocytes and also lymphocytes from TH2. It has many functions in the regulation of the immune system. It has a limiting effect and inhibitory inter alia, defense mechanisms, which can lead to septic shock, for example, and thus protects the body from having to destroy by exaggerated inflammatory processes themselves. It is together with TGF- β is one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines and important to the development of immune tolerance. It inhibits the production of cytokines of the Th1 response and acts to prolong the survival, proliferation and antibody production of B- lymphocytes. It blocks the nuclear factor NFkB and is involved in the regulation of the JAK -STAT signaling pathway. Interleukin-10 is a key immune modulator in the intestinal tract. A deficiency is associated with a predisposition to chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Genetics

The precursor of interleukin -10 is encoded on chromosome 1q31 -32 section and comprises 178 amino acids.

Functions

• IL-10 inhibits CD -28 signaling, and the formation of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin- 1 (and synergistically promotes the formation of an interleukin -1 receptor antagonists), Interleukin -2 and interleukin-6 and antigen presenting cells such as monocytes dendritic cells, and thus indirectly the activation of T - lymphocytes.
• IL -10 inhibits the activation of cyclooxygenase -2 by lipopolysaccharide in monocytes.
• It directs the T- lymphocyte response and more towards the TH1 to TH2.
• IL-10 promotes the proliferation of B lymphocytes into plasma cells and their Differentierung. On the other hand, it inhibits the IgE formation in the presence of monocytes.
• In natural killer cells, IL- 10, interferon - inhibit formation in the presence of monocytes or dendritic cells or amplify, when applied to isolated natural killer cells simultaneously interleukin -12.
• Promotes phagocytosis and inhibits antigen presentation in monocytes. Monocytes differentiate animals less antigen-presenting and thus the inflammation -promoting dendritic cells in general but more to the fire cause eliminating macrophages. Interleukin-10 but does not inhibit already ausdifferentierte dendritic cells, as these do not express IL- 10 receptor more.