Interplanetary Internet
The interplanetary Internet (English interplanetary internet, short IPN - also: Deep Space Internet) is a planned expansion of the Internet into outer space. Due to the large distances that are traveled by the signals in space, the network protocols used must be especially tolerant of delays. Whereas in the conventional Internet due to the wired backbone network transmission error probability and delay are negligible in the data transfer, the interplanetary Internet is provided by frequent transmission interruptions and delays in minutes or hours with special challenges. The nodes involved must therefore cache the data to be transmitted until the receiver acknowledges the receipt.
Development
While prevailed at the beginning of the space still point-to -point communication with ad hoc protocols, the need for standardized communication protocols became apparent with increasing cooperation between different nations in aerospace. The development of these protocols is up since 1982, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems ( CCSDS ).
Although the standardization of communication protocols for space at the start parallel to, but separately ran from the development of the Internet, the protocols is approached since the mid-1990s at each other. For example, a file transfer to the satellite STRV -1b was carried out via the File Transfer Protocol on 2 January 1996 which touched down on the TCP / IP -like Space Communications Protocol Specifications ( SCPS ) protocol stack. The satellite Disaster Monitoring Constellation communicate with their ground stations directly via IP.
However, the Internet protocols for data transfer only over relatively short distances, suitable for example in the Earth's orbit. For use under space conditions with high transmission error rates and delays in communication over long distances, new protocols are needed to connect the regions within which the communication can be handled via Internet protocols. "Region" is a natural concept in the architecture of space networks and means an area in which the characteristics of the communication, such as security and availability of resources, are homogeneous. The interplanetary Internet is therefore also referred to as a " network of regional Internet."
For this reason, NASA has begun under the leadership of Vinton Cerf and Adrian Hooke with the development of Delay Tolerant Networking at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
This led to the development of the Bundle Protocol, the so-called bundle convergence introduces layers above the transport layer and data blocks into bundles aggregates that contain enough information that an application can perform further operations. For example, a bundle would include a complete website that can then represent the Web browser of the recipient. The bundle architecture forms between the different regions of an overlay network that transfers data between regions according to the " Store and forward " principle.
The bundle protocol represents ready delay-tolerant end - to-end services such as routing, availability and security. It was first tested in 2008 on the UK- DMC satellite.
An example of an end - to-end application on a space mission is the CCSDS File Delivery Protocol ( CFDP ), a reliable file transfer protocol that was used in the Deep Impact mission.
Implementation
The Interplanetary Internet Special Interest Group of the Internet Society was working on protocols and standards relating to interplanetary internet. The Delay - Tolerant Networking Research Group is the primary research group in the field Delay Tolerant Networking ( DTN ).
The planned 2009 launch of the Mars Telecommunications Orbiter was canceled by NASA; the satellite was tasked to facilitate communication between Earth and Mars and would be the first stroke of the interplanetary Internet have been. NASA put the DTN - tests with the Deep Impact probe continued epoxy.
In January 2010, a computer was connected to the Internet in space on the ISS for the first time.
Satellite
The orbits of most of the earth satellites, including the International Space Station are so low that there the standard Internet protocols.