İske imlâ alphabet

The Iske imla alphabet ( tatar. (Cyrillic) Иске имла or ( Iske imla ) یسكی یملا; IPA: [ is'kɘ imlæ ː ]; turkish eski Yazu; German " ancient writing ") is an on the Persian alphabet ( and thus the Arabic script ) BASED alphabet officially used for the posting of the Tatar language before 1920.

• 4.1 Example text

History

The Arabic alphabet was introduced with the Islamization of the Turks. Previously, the Old Turkic Orkhon runes, but other alphabets which were of Semitic origin or derived from these, such as were Sogdian script and any resulting Uighur font used. The Tartars took over the Arabic alphabet of the Volga Bulgars, when they migrated to the land to the Volga and Ural. Tatar, and Old Bulgarian culture mingled strong, so that language and writing anglichen slowly. This language is called Alttatarisch or old Tatar literary language ( tatar. Cyrillic: искә татар әдәби теле; Latin: Iske tatar tele ädäbi; Arabic: یكی طاطار ادبی تلی; IPA: [ isk ʰ ɘ tɒtɒɾ ædæbi tɘlɘ ː ] ).

1920 Iske imla was replaced by Yana imla ( new font ), which is also based on the Arabic script, but no Abdschad, but an alphabet in the narrow sense is (ie vowels by letters of their own and no longer by the addition sign represents ). Yana imla is no longer in use today.

Today's use

Officially Iske is no longer imla in use, and many Tatars, it can not be read due to many font reforms to Latin and Cyrillic. Nevertheless, particularly clerics and religious oriented individuals of the alphabet are now knowledgeable and still use it for private use and in publications.

Orthography

In contrast to the Ottoman alphabet has Iske imla a very clear structure of the orthography, which makes it possible that you can easily distinguish between vowels such as a, o and u and ä, ö and ü, so show consonants as ط, غ, ع, ظ, ض, ص ق and always on ( see vocal harmony), ك, ت, ز and گ always show a dark consonants during a bright consonants. Can be excluded as more vowels via the following vowel harmony. If, for example, in a word ق, so you can rule out a 90% probability that one is a ä, e, i, ö or ü find in that word.

Spelling of the vowels

Furthermore, u and ü with Vav ( و ) written while o and ö remain unwritten, or if with Taschkil, then damma (ie word-initially with the help of Alif ( ا ) ). E is written in the Word with Kasra, only at the end of a word with Yaa ( ی ). Likewise, ä will usually begin a word with alif ( ا ) and the middle of words written with Fatha and end up with He ( ه ), which is retained even when other suffixes and suffix is separated behind written. A, in contrast to the word beginning with Alif Madda ( آ ) and always written in other syllables with Alif ( ا ). However, there may be exceptions, so Alif represents the set ä and in such a case it is transcribed as in imla with an AA. Yaa ( ی ) is always used to represent i iy or, where there may be some exceptions, for i, in which it is written with Kasra (but only in foreign words ).

The spelling of the vowels, however, is not under mandatory rules, eg, the plural suffix - lar be written either لر or لار. Here, the Iske imla - case is very similar to Tschagataischen, it is for the writer himself, whether he wants to accomplish Post a vowel or if he wants to represent him by Taschkil.

Special

A special feature of Iske is imla that if a Yaa ( ی ) or Vav ( و ) to represent a vowel in word-initial, not with a preceding alif ( ا ) can be written as in all other Arab Abdschadorthographien, but simply without alif. If a Alif before, so it is either a diphthong or a foreign word from Arabic or Persian, as these are written as in their original orthography.

Another great feature of the Tatar is that the letter ح and ع are spoken hard namely [x ] and [ ʁ ]. However, the Ta marbuta from Arabic is if ä spoken written with He ( ه ), but most Arabic words have entered through Persian into Tatar, so that most Arabic words with Ta end marbuta ending in Tatar on -at or product to product.

The alphabet

Sample text

The following text will imla in Iske, his successor Yana imla and a Latin transcription shown: