Italianism
As Italianism is called a loan in the form of debt or Lehnwortes from Italian. The German has numerous Italianisms that were taken since the late Middle Ages, either directly or through the intermediary of the Italian came in the use of language.
Considering the languages from which the German words has taken over, the Italian is one of the languages with the greatest impact: Italianisms rank with 6.5-7 % of all borrowings depending on the data base to 4 ( Best 2001) and 5. place ( Körner 2004: 30); their development follows the language change law / Piotrowski law. About the proportion of Italianisms to the borrowings during the centuries are Best (2001 ) for further information. Particularly strong is their influence in the areas of communication, trade, art and lifestyle.
Middle High German
The development of trade and the money economy, especially through contact with Florence, Genoa and Venice, had numerous criteria in the Banking incorporated into the everyday language; Premium, bank, bankruptcy, balance sheet, discount, Giro, dimes, capital, cash, credit, account, net, postage, power of attorney, discount, residual risk and date from this period.
In addition, took over the Middle High German words such as damask and rice as a designation of merchandise; as a specialist words came bung on the late Latin (ex) punctum from the wine and carat of the gemstone trade into German. The Lehnübertragungen " dry land " terra ferma and from " high sea" of alto mare, the words Mole and bark come from seafaring, gun, lance and alarm all'arme " to arms " in military language.
Even the Crusades, later, the cultural and economic relations with the East brought about the Italian from Arabic and Others Giraffe, Joppa, paint, marzipan and syrup into German.
Frühneuhochdeutsch
The importance of Italy to the European art until the Renaissance testify eg terms such as Fresco painting technique, Guazzo, impasto, pastel, sgraffito, Secco and tempera. The epoch is outlined in the art and cultural history with the name of the Trecento, Quattrocento and Cinquecento.
Was their language through the influence of Italian composers to this day decisive for the specialized terminology of music. Tempo markings such as Adagio, Allegro, Andante, Presto or dynamic levels as forte and piano, along with a number of genres and forms: aria, Divertimento, cantata, opera, sonata or symphony.
Present-day language
The immigration of tens of thousands Italians as labor migrants in the 1950s, but also the discovery of Italy as a tourist destination have been primarily known names in the fields of food and drink as well as lifestyle. With the growing popularity of Italian cuisine many of its terms were known. These include cheeses Gorgonzola, mascarpone, mozzarella, parmesan, pecorino and ricotta, salami and mortadella as salami, dishes such as bruschetta, carpaccio, minestrone, pizza, polenta, risotto and saltimbocca, finally macchiato espresso, cappuccino and latte.
Italianisms are penetrated so far into the everyday language that they have replaced words previously used, for example, the rocket arugula, Romanesco known since the 16th century turrets cabbage; Pasta is now often used as a generic term for pasta not of Italian origin. Words and phrases such as ambience, Dolce Vita, dolce far niente, diva or prima donna are part of the vernacular.