Ä°zmir Metro

The Metro Izmir ( Turkish İzmir Metrosu ) in the western Turkish city of Izmir is one of five metro systems in Turkey. The Metro of İzmir is currently comprised of only one line. This measure is 16.8 km long and has 15 stations. The ride on the track, which runs underground on a viaduct and in the incision, takes about 22 minutes. The platforms are 125 meters long, to keep them 3- car trains.

• 3.1 gauge and power supply
• 3.2 Rolling stock

• 4.1 The Nene Hatun tunnel
• 4.2 The Ümmühan main twin tunnel
• 4.3 tunnel section Bornova - Evka 3

• 5.1 stretch Üçyol - F.Altay
• 5.2 stretch Halkapınar - OTOGAR (bus station)
• 5.3 stretch F.Altay - Narlıdere
• 5.4 stretch Üçyol - Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi
• 5.5 Extension to the city center Bornova

History

Preliminary planning

The traffic conditions in the growing metropolis Ägäsis deteriorated since the early 1980s, the private to Izmir streets and with it the air pollution grew steadily. The municipal bus system alone was no longer able to adequately ensure the mobility of the city. Construction of İzmir Metro began on 18 May 1995. Previously had already in 1989 Heusch and Bosefeldt made ​​two years traffic flow measurements on the main roads of the city. The obtained findings were incorporated into the specifications for the route -to-build metro lines created a " Transportation Master Plan " of the city administration. Here, priorities have been to the effect at the subway construction that the bus va should be replaced or supplemented at the highest frequented bus routes and streets of the city through the construction of rail-based rapid transit lines, since the latter have a higher transport capacity. In 1993, the contract for the construction of the Metro system was signed.

Construction

The first stretch was built by a consortium of several companies under the leadership of Adtranz. The costs amounted to about 500 million U.S. dollars. It was opened on 25 August 2000 with ten stations. In early 2012, the route to the north to about 2 km and two stations ( Ege University and Evka 3) has been extended. A further extension of the line took place in late 2012, when the stations Izmirspor and Hatay, located at the southern end of the extended distance, were put into operation. Thus, the line was extended by a further 1.7 km.

Route

The metro line starts southwest of the center of İzmir at the station Hatay and first runs below the boulevards İnönü Caddesi northeast through the city center ( Konak ). In Basmane the metro exits the tunnel and travels above ground until bölge. The curve passes Halkpınar - one of the stations of Izmir, on which there is a transfer possibility for S-Bahn system Izban - as well as the station Stadyum the sports stadium. In Bornova Metro runs underground past the Ege University to Evka. The stations Hatay, Izmirspor, Üçyol, Konak, Çankaya and Basmane in the southwest of the line and the newly opened stations Ege Üniversite and Evka 3 are located at the northeastern end of the line in the tunnel, the stations Hilal and Stadyum (Stadium ) are located on a viaduct and station Bornova in an incision.

Technology and vehicles

The metro is no light rail, but a "real" subway because it runs completely independently of other rail and by road traffic completely separated as a closed system on a separate track body.

Track width and energy supply

The track gauge is - as in all metro systems in Turkey, for example, in Istanbul, Ankara, and Adana - standard gauge of 1435 mm. The energy is supplied through a lateral track. The current collectors, which are located laterally in the lower range of vehicles at the height of the bogies, spread the power rail, so that the above-ground guided sections no overhead line can be seen. The DC voltage is 750 V.

Rolling stock

The 2.65 m wide and 3.76 m high ( measured from the track) metro cars were supplied by the manufacturer Bombardier. It is a model of Flexity Swift series. For a quick exchange of passengers, each car per side four doors. Most metro trains in three-car units. At rush hour four-car units can be used. The metro trains are made of stainless steel and white- painted black. The red inserts below the windows are characteristic of the Metro İzmir. A car can accommodate 300 passengers, of which 44 seats, the rest are standing room only.

Construction phases

The tunnel line are composed of three different sections in which different tunnel method were used.

The Nene Hatun tunnel

The Nene Hatun tunnel is 1384.7 meters long and 10 meters wide, twin-track tunnel portion which connects the station with the station Üçyol Konak in the city center. In the area of the stations, the width is about 17 meters. An additional 141,58 m long tunnel section at the end of the station Üçyol serves as a turning area for the trains. Due to a height difference of 70 meters between the two stations an open design was not considered, so this section with the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM ), in English-speaking countries also labeled New Austrian Tunneling Method ( NATM ) is known, was built. The tunnel lies 30 to 50 meters below the road surface. The platform is the basis of which 32.5 meters below the road surface. The gradient between the two stations is 4 percent. The construction work for this section began on 18 May 1995 at the intersection Yeşilyurt ( Üçyol ) with the digging of a 32.5 -meter-deep vertical shaft with a diameter of 15 meters. After a construction period of 195 days for the shaft, began the creation of the Nene Hatun tunnel. On May 26, 1996, also started from the station Konak, with the production, so that this section of the tunnel was completed on 15 August 1997.

The Ümmühan main twin tunnel

The Ümmühan twin tunnels connect the stations Konak, Çankaya and Basmane. They presented the most difficult phase of construction represents a special challenge groundwater already in depth 1.5 m, since the tunnels and stations are located at an altitude below sea level. Since ancient buildings and up to eight -story building and a tight curve with a radius of 250 m are located on this section, this section of the tunnel was created using the EPBM - tunneling method. Then there is this tunnel section of two running side by side single-track tubes with an inner diameter of 5.7 m and a total length of 2753 m. The tubes run an average of 18 m below the road surface. In the narrow curve with a radius of 250 meters between stations Konak and Çankaya the tunnel are not parallel, but separate clearly from each other. This is due to a water pump station and buildings with deep basements and foundations. Here the tunnel running right through underneath the building, so that the tubes run here at the lowest. The construction of the twin tunnel was carried out by the company Herrenknecht purpose-built tunnel boring machine ( TBM) with a drill diameter of 6.56 m. The total length of the tunnel boring machine was 74 and the feed force 44,300 kN / 350 bar. On 25 August 1997, the drilling began with tunnel boring machine of Basmane direction Konak. Because ancient artifacts during construction, there were periodic interruptions. These finds are now on display at the station Çankaya.

Tunnel section Bornova - Evka 3

The construction of the 2.25 km long tunnel section between the stations Bornova and Evka 3 began in August 2007 and runs through the campus of Ege University. In March 2012, this stretch was opened. The tunnel was created using the open design. The total cost was about 90 million Turkish lira. Originally, this extension was planned down to the city center Bornova. Due to the high deformation of surrounding buildings of the planned tunnel of 3.4 km length has been shortened to 2.25 miles and the terminus Bornova center temporarily deleted from the project.

Expansion plans

Now the only line is to be extended to a cross network. In planning for the Dokuz Eylül University feeders (University of September 9 ) on Buca, after Narlıdere, bus station ( OTOGAR ) and an extension to the center of Bornova. The urban areas in the north such as KARSIYAKA, Bostanlı and Cigli and the urban areas in the south such as Gaziemir and Adnan Menderes Airport is served by the S-Bahn ( Izban ). A transit traffic from the S -Bahn to the metro is at the station Halkapınar. Another change trains at the metro station and a planned Hilal in Sirinyer ( Buca ).

Stretch Üçyol - F.Altay

The section Üçyol - F.Altay is a continuation of the current line from the station to Üҫyol F.Altay place in Üҫkuyular and runs completely underground. It is currently under construction. Scheduled to open that section of the end of 2013. The 5.5 km long double-track tunnel is created with the new Austrian Tunnelling Method ( NATM ). With the completion of this road section, the line is supplemented by five stations. These are: Izmirspor, Hatay, Göztepe Poligon and F.Altay. The plan was originally the station Güzelyalı between Poligon and F.Altay, this was canceled due to huge deformations in surrounding buildings and unplanned conditions in the soil from the project.

Stretch Halkapınar - OTOGAR (bus station)

With the construction of this road section is after the completion of the construction of the section Üçyol - F.Altay be started. The 4.5 km long route is to run for the most part underground. Planned are four stations after Halkapınar: Vakiflar, Çamdibi, Altındağ and OTOGAR. The cost of this section of road and the construction will be taken over by the Ministry of Transport.

Stretch F.Altay - Narlıdere

By building this 5km long route section, the line is extended by F. Altay place until after Narlıdere. This stretch is after completion of the sections Üçyol - F.Altay and Halkapınar - OTOGAR (bus station) to be built. It is run completely underground. Planned are five stations: Balçova, med, DEÜ Hastanesi ( 9 - September - University Hospital ), Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi (Faculty of Arts ) and Narlıdere. The construction and the costs are to be borne by the Ministry of Transport also in this section.

Stretch Üçyol - Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi

This stretch runs from the station Üçyol about Buca ( Sirinyer ) for 9 - September - University ( DEÜ ). The 8 km long route is to run for the most part underground. Plans are seven stations: Bozyaka SSK Hastanesi ( Bozyaka SSK Hospital ), Cennetoğlu, Sirinyer, Buca Belediye (Town Hall Buca ), Buca city, Buca Koop Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi and ( 9 - September - university). In Sirinyer an interchange station for S-Bahn ( Izban ) is provided. The construction of this road section is, however, should not be viewed as possibly take the metro a tram could be built.

Extension to the city center Bornova

Due to the high deformation of surrounding buildings the terminus Bornova - center from the project of the newly-opened in March 2012 route section was Bornova - Evka 3 are deleted. However, the extension to the city center Bornova is to be re-examined with special construction methods.

Price system and tariffs

There are ticket locks that can be opened only with a valid ticket at each station. There is an electronic debit system, as well as discounts for special groups, including Students, pensioners and state employees. A single ticket entitled to the metro ( as well as the integrated fare system in the city buses) to use for 90 minutes in any direction.

S -Bahn Izmir ( Izban )

Izmir also has an S- Bahn network. A line serves the airport. The lines run at 10 - to 15 -minute intervals for the city center Alsancak.