Jan Czochralski

, Jan Czochralski ( born October 23, 1885 in Exin, Posen Province, † April 22, 1953 in Poznań ) was a Polish chemist. He developed the Czochralski method for growing single crystals from the melt.

Life

Czochralski was born as the eighth child of a family of craftsmen. He trained as a teacher at the seminary in Exin, but did not graduate. He then worked in a drugstore in Krotoschin. From 1904 he worked in a pharmacy in Altglienicke in Berlin. In addition to his livelihood Czochralski began in 1905 at the Technical College of Charlottenburg (today the Technical University of Berlin) to study chemistry. In 1906 he worked in the chemical factory Kunheim in Niederschoeneweide in Berlin.

From 1908 he worked as an employee of Wichard of Moellendorff in the metals laboratory of the cable plant Oberspree AEG. In 1910, Czochralski the exam at the TH Charlottenburg as a graduate engineer in chemistry from.

In 1913 the first report of the crystallography of the metals. The following year, he succeeded W. v. Moellendorff as head of metal laboratory.

In 1916 he accidentally discovered by single-crystal accidental dipping a quill into molten tin rather than in the inkwell. The chemist expanded its procedures and conducted research on the application of measuring the rate of crystallization of various metals; the rate of crystallization results from the highest drawing speed in the crystal bar is not torn off. 1917 moved Czochralski as head of the laboratory for metal bench and Metallurgical Company Ltd in Frankfurt ( Main). In 1919 he was co-founder of the German Society for Metallurgy. Five years later, in 1924, his textbook appeared Modern Metal Science in theory and practice. In the years 1925-1929 Czochralski held the office of President of the German Society for Metallurgy. In 1929 he was appointed professor at the Faculty of Chemistry at the Technical University of Warsaw.

From 1940 on he -actuated to protect his institution and the employee work for the German occupying power ( production of spare parts ); secretly he organized help for the needy in the Warsaw Ghetto and supported the Polish Home Army. 1945 Czochralski was expelled from the University on suspicion of collaboration with the Germans. In 1946, he founded the company in Kcynia BION for cosmetics and household chemicals. Czochralski died in 1953 in Poznan.

Works

• J. Czochralski: Modern Metal Science in theory and practice. J. Springer, Berlin, 1924.