Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki
Georg Franz Kolschitzky (Polish Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, Ukrainian Юрій - Франц Кульчицький, scientific transliteration Jurj Franc Kul'čic'kij; * 1640 in Sambir, Poland - Lithuania, † February 19, 1694 in Vienna, the Habsburg monarchy ) was a businessman and interpreters, as well as spy to the Polish King John III. Sobieski.
Life
Kolschitzky came at the age of 16 years to Vienna. He spoke Romanian and Turkish and was 1662 - 1663 in the service of beorderten to Constantinople Opel imperial envoy Johann Philipp Beris. 1665 - 1666 he is " Unterdolmetsch " the ambassador to the Sublime Porte, Walter Leslie. 1667, he enters the first Vienna Oriental Trading Company and traveled into account the entire Balkans and the European part of the Ottoman Empire. 1679 he undertook his last journey to Constantinople Opel and can be permanently in the summer of 1681 down in Vienna.
During the siege of Vienna by the Turkish army under the command of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa 15 July to 13 September 1683 Kolschitzky belonged to a Polish unit under the command of the Polish King Jan III. Sobieski at.
When the troops of Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa in 1683 laid siege to Vienna city, struck his finest hour as a scout: Kolschitzky ventured with his Serbian servant Djordje Mihajlovic, disguised as a Turk, by the lines of the besiegers, and returned with the message that the 'll put relieving army soon in march. He was then promoted to the rank of an imperial interpreter, received a permanent grade and got a Hofquartier allocated.
Due to his achievements during this second siege by the Ottomans Kolschitzky was awarded the title of Imperial interpreter.
That Kolschitzky Vienna's first coffee house in the former Schlossergassel: opened ( today Stock - im-Eisen -Platz 4 ), is an arbitrary invention of Piaristenpater Gottfried Uhlich 1783 in his chronicle history of zweyten Turkish siege of Vienna, bey the Centennial Gedächtnißfeyer in the world began. According to recent findings, the first Viennese coffee house was opened by John Theodat on 17 January 1685. It was not until a year later received three former spies the Turkish siege, including Kolschitzky, also the privilege of coffee Ausschanks. As so-called " Hofbefreite " they were exempted from business tax twenty years. Whether Kolschitzky ever took his privilege even in claim (or sold or leased ) is not derivable from the sources.
1862 line in Vienna - Wieden was renamed Kolschitzkygasse. At the corner Kolschitzkygasse / Favorites street is the Kolschitzky monument, which was posted on September 12, 1885, the anniversary of the Battle of Kahlenberg, revealed.