Johann Bachstrom
January Fryderyk or Johann Friedrich Bach stream (* December 24, 1686 at Rawicz ( German: Rawitsch ); † June 1742 in Nyasvizh ) was a Lutheran theologian, physician, engineer, writer and educator. He spent his last decade of life in the Dutch city of Leiden. In several sources it is also called Bachstroem or stream Strohm.
Bach current published mostly in Latin, German or French, and adapted it to the spelling of his first name, with Joannis Friderici or Jean -Frédéric, the language used in each case. Since he published his most famous writings in Leiden, he is sometimes described as a Dutch author.
Origin and early life
Stream flow was in 1686 or 1688, the son of a goldsmith or a barber near the Silesian town Rawicz, Poland today, was born. From 1710 he studied theology in Jena. In 1717 he became a professor at Thorner school. After he has had several customs and conditions in Thorn criticized in his sermons, he was expelled in 1720 of the city. He went to Wegrów ( German Wengrow ) in Mazovia, at that time a center of the Reformation in Poland with a Polish and a German community, which worked closely with the German community of the Augsburg Confession in Warsaw, and worked there as a doctor and pastor.
From 1729 to 1730 (or 1731), Bach current must have resided in Constantinople Opel and founded a printing house. Through his work at a Bible translation into Turkish, he was forced to flee from Constantinople Opel.
Universal studies
In the following years, Bach electricity worked in Wroclaw, Gorlitz, Freiberg, Dresden and Leiden, where his writings appeared in the early 1730s. He devoted himself to medical, theological and geological studies. He traveled, visited and described the Silesian mines at its own expense and in 1733 he visited London.
In many of his views, he seems to have been ahead of his time. So he suggested that women should be allowed to study medicine to become doctors. He recommended seafarers lessons in swimming. In his book L'Art de Nager ( German: The art of swimming ), Bach electricity is concerned with methods of saving life and describes his invention of a made of cork lifejacket.
In one of his most famous writings, he called for the use of fresh fruits and vegetables to cure scurvy.
The Inquiraner
1736 published stream flow under the pseudonym ABC a novel that describes one of shipwrecked religious dissidents ( the Inquiraner ) founded a utopian society in which there is absolute freedom of religion. The novel seems to have been inspired by his own experiences in Constantinople Opel, but also by French and English novels, such as Montesquieu's Lettres persanes and Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.
Arrest and death
From 1737 worked as a physician at the court of stream flow of Princess Anna Radziwill in Lithuania. Probably because of his liberal views on religion, he was imprisoned. He died in June 1742 in prison in Nyasvizh (now Belarus ). The exact date and cause of his death are unknown.
In 1959, the UK Antarctic Place -Names Committee named, the British Committee for recommendation geographical names in the British Antarctic Territory, the headland "Bach electricity Point" on the southwest coast of the Antarctic Peninsula after Johann Friedrich Bach stream.
Works (selection)
- Observationes about scorbutum: ejusque indolem, causas, signa, et curam institutæ, eorum præprimis in usum, qui Groenlandiam & Indiam Orientis petunt. Leiden, Conrad Wishoff, 1734 ( digitized ).
- Nova aestus marinated theoria, Leiden, 1734th
- Kurtze and resolute declaration of a trust - minded Schweitzer, Auff the false accusation Christiani Democriti, Auffrichtigen Protestants, and Orthodox Annihilatoris, or Zernichteren The Microcosmi 's new scoop Fung prelude to a new heaven and a new earth. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1734th ( digitized in the Digital Library of Mecklenburg- Vorpommern)
- Bey two hundred year unknown, but nunmehro discovered noble land of Inqviraner: From Erzehlung One died in our neighborhoods after lengthy Kranckheit elders of this blessed country, after all its manners, customs, orders, service, knowledge managed, arts, Vortheilen and equipment cumbersome described, and mitgetheilet the commonwealth for the best, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1736 ( digitized ).
- L'Art de Nager, ou Invention à l'aide de laquelle on peut toujours se sauver you Naufrage; &, En cas de besoin, fair passer les plus larges Rivières à les Armées entières. Amsterdam, Zacharie Chatelain, 1741 ( digitized ).
- The art of swimming, or invention, by means of which one to save themselves always from a shipwreck, and Needing If all the armies of the widest rivers bring kan, Berlin 1742 ( digitized ).