John Bowes (steamship)

Model of John Bowes

Lloyd 's Register of Shipping

The John Bowes was the first bulk carrier of modern times.

Prehistory

1847 joined the seventeen -year-old Charles Mark Palmer as a partner of Sir William Hutt, Nicholas Wood and John Bowes in a society for coke production in North - East England. A decade was the coal companies faced with the situation that the transport of own coal in Collier -Briggs said carbon sailors to London was delayed by bad weather, while coal mines from the Midlands sent their material already on the growing rail network to the south. After the period of bad weather met almost all carbon sailors at the same time in London, which led to a coal oversupply and poor sales prices accordingly. To remedy this, Palmer founded in April 1852 in London investors, the shipping company General Iron Screw Collier Company, to transport coal from North East England with screw -driven carbon iron steamers to London. The required coal barges or Colliers were built on the specially founded with his brother George Palmer Brothers shipyard in Jarrow.

The John Bowes

When first built by around 25 units of this first Massengutschiffstyps the John Bowes was launched on June 30, 1852 from the stack. Built of iron ship had arranged aft bridge superstructures and before that a loading space with about twenty meters long hatch. The drive consisted of a well built aft compound steam machine manufacturer Thompson, Boyd & Company of Newcastle and three masts schooner rigging. After the completion of approximately 10,000 pounds of expensive new this occurred on July 29, 1852 his first trip with a coal cargo from the Tyne to London and arrived on the Thames on July 31. After deleting the charge that John Bowes finished her first return trip on August 3. Initially leakage problems occurred on the Ballastttanks that could be solved only by installing a separate built-in tank.

In its day, customary in this carbon transport Collier -Briggs needed compared two to four weeks for a round trip. In conjunction with the special agreements concluded Palmer for faster coal distribution with the London railway companies, the novelty quickly proved to be significantly superior to conventional transport with sailing ships.

After the ship in 1864 had been equipped with a new steam engine, Palmers ' Iron Screw Collier Company, the John Bowes was sold in 1873 to Benjamin George Barnett in London, the further operation the ship under the old name, and in 1883 again a new steam engine was installed, the M. Paul & Company delivered from Dumbarton. 1889 the ship came short in Norwegian owned and drove temporarily as Spec for Frithjof Ohens, who passed it on in the same year to a Swedish shipping company, which named the ship transit. In December 1908, the shipping company Ybarary de Bilbao purchased the steamer for 2000 pounds and farm up until 1919 as Carolina. In 1919 the ship was sold again and moved to the shipping company within Spain T. Fierro & Hijos in Gijon, who used it as a Valentine Fierro. Later in the 1920s, the name of the cruise line operator changed first to Cia. Naviera Fierro and towards the end of the 1920s, the steamer was registered on Frederico G. Fierro, 1933 joined the now 80 -year-old cargo boat for the last time his owner and went into the hands of the shipping company Cia. Naviera Fierro in Madrid on, the renamed him in Villa Selgas. On October 10, 1933, the ship sank in bad weather finally on a trip with iron ore from Bilbao to San Sebastian.

Ship Structural Meaning

The shipbuilding importance of John Bowes as the first bulk carrier of modern times is due to the combination of several things. Although already at the time of Palmers ' entry to the carbon business world 924 steam vessels in service, the draft designed exclusively for the bulk shipping iron steamboat with screw drive and the ability to take water ballast on board, mid-19th century was new. The steam drive made ​​the ship regardless of the weather and thus allowed a higher number of reliable travel. The ship's propeller allowed a better fuel utilization, as the paddle wheel, which the viability benefited. Moreover, the development of iron reduced the structural weight, which also increased the carrying capacity. The water ballast in turn allowed for a faster port turnaround time, and also a cost saving, because he was the one for free and was able to quickly and back on the other are pumped overboard - Collier -Briggs were against forced the port of discharge to buy ballast stones or sand ballast, this load time-consuming and again to clear the port of loading. The overall design of the ship was the basis for the development of the classic tramp steamer and all subsequent bulk carriers.

At the foot of 1904 inaugurated in Jarrow statue of Sir Charles Mark Palmer, there are two large ship pictures, one from the John Bowes and HMS of the resolution. The main inscription mentions only the John Bowes.